| |
Official AMI Hi-Flex ISA and EISA BIOS guide
American Megatrends, Inc.
Hi-Flex ISA and EISA AMIBIOS
User's Guide
This manual documents the 08/08/93 core AMIBIOS.
MAN-PR-BIOS-UG
8/20/93
ฉ Copyright 1993 American Megatrends, Inc.
All rights reserved.
American Megatrends, Inc.
6145F Northbelt Parkway
Norcross, GA 30071
This publication contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, transcribed, stored in a retrieval
system, translated into any language or computer language, or transmitted in any
form whatsoever without the prior written consent of the publisher, American Megatrends,
Inc.
Limited Warranty
Buyer agrees if this product proves to be defective, that American Megatrends,
Inc. is only obligated to replace or refund the purchase price of this product
at American Megatrend's discretion according to the terms and conditions of the
warranty card that accompanies this product. American Megatrends shall not be
liable in tort or contract for any loss or damage, direct, incidental or consequential.
Please see the Warranty Registration Card shipped with this product for full warranty
details.
Limitations of Liability
In no event shall American Megatrends be held liable for any loss, expenses, or
damages of any kind whatsoever, whether direct, indirect, incidental, or consequential,
arising from the design or use of this product or the support materials provided
with the product.
Trademarks
American Megatrends acknowledges the following trademarks:
Intel and Pentium are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation.
MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows, Windows NT, Xenix, and Microsoft are registered trademarks
of Microsoft Corporation.
Unix is a registered trademark of American Telephone and Telegraph Company Bell
Laboratories.
Toshiba is a registered trademark of Toshiba America Corporation.
Sony is a registered trademark of Sony Corporation.
VESA and VL-Bus are registered trademarks of the Video Electronics Standards Association.
NEC is a registered trademark of Nippon Electric Corporation.
Weitek is a registered trademark of Weitek Corporation.
IBM, AT, VGA, PS/2, Blue Lightning, OS/2, and EGA are registered trademarks of
International Business Machines Corporation.
XT and CGA are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation.
Revision History
8/92 Revised for 06/06/92 core AMIBIOS.
1/12/93 Revised for 11/11/92 core AMIBIOS.
8/20/93 Revised for 08/08/93 core AMIBIOS.
Table of Contents
| Chapter 1 |
Introduction |
|
|
1 |
| Chapter 2 |
Features |
|
|
5 |
| Chapter 3 |
Power-On Self Test |
|
|
15 |
| |
|
Beep Codes |
|
16 |
| |
|
AMIBIOS Displayed Error Messages |
|
18 |
| Chapter 4 |
Setup |
|
|
23 |
| |
|
1 Running AMIBIOS Setup |
|
18 |
| |
|
2 STANDARD CMOS SETUP |
|
31 |
| |
|
|
Date And Day Configuration |
31 |
| |
|
|
Hard Disk Drive Types |
33 |
| |
|
|
Floppy Drive A: and B: |
34 |
| |
|
|
Primary Display |
34 |
| |
|
|
Keyboard |
34 |
| |
|
3 ADVANCED CMOS SETUP |
|
35 |
| |
|
|
Typematic Rate Programming |
36 |
| |
|
|
Typematic Rate Delay |
36 |
| |
|
|
Typematic Rate |
36 |
| |
|
|
Memory Test Tick Sound |
37 |
| |
|
|
Hard Disk Type 47 RAM Area |
38 |
| |
|
|
Wait for <F1> If Any Error |
38 |
| |
|
|
System Boot Up Num Lock |
39 |
| |
|
|
Numeric Processor Test |
39 |
| |
|
|
Weitek Processor |
39 |
| |
|
|
Floppy Drive Seek At Boot |
39 |
| |
|
|
System Boot Up Sequence |
40 |
| |
|
|
System Boot UP CPU Speed |
40 |
| |
|
|
External Cache Memory |
40 |
| |
|
|
Internal Cache Memory |
40 |
| |
|
|
Fast Gate A20 Option |
41 |
| |
|
|
Password Check Option |
41 |
| |
|
|
Video ROM Shadow C000,16K |
42 |
| |
|
|
Video ROM Shadow C400,16K |
42 |
| |
|
|
Video ROM Shadow C000,32K |
42 |
| |
|
|
Video ROM Shadow |
42 |
| |
|
|
Adaptor ROM Shadow C800,16K |
43 |
| |
|
|
Adaptor ROM Shadow CC00,16K |
43 |
| |
|
|
Adaptor ROM Shadow CC00,16K |
43 |
| |
|
|
Adaptor ROM Shadow D000,16K |
43 |
| |
|
|
Adaptor ROM Shadow D400,16K |
43 |
| |
|
|
Adaptor ROM Shadow D800,16K |
43 |
| |
|
|
Adaptor ROM Shadow DC00,16K |
43 |
| |
|
|
Adaptor ROM Shadow E000,16K |
43 |
| |
|
|
Adaptor ROM Shadow E400,16K |
43 |
| |
|
|
Adaptor ROM Shadow E800,16K |
43 |
| |
|
|
Adaptor ROM Shadow EC00,16K |
43 |
| |
|
|
System ROM Shadow |
43 |
| |
|
|
Shadow RAM Option |
44 |
| |
|
|
Boot Sector Virus Protection |
44 |
| |
|
|
CPU Internal Clock Mode |
45 |
| |
|
|
IDE Block Mode Transfers |
45 |
| |
|
|
IDE Standby Mode |
45 |
| |
|
|
Auto Keylock Timeout |
45 |
| |
|
4 ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP |
|
47 |
| |
|
5 POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP |
|
53 |
| |
|
6 Peripheral SETUP |
|
57 |
| |
|
7 Password Support |
|
61 |
| |
|
8 Hard Disk Utility |
|
63 |
| |
|
|
When to Use Hard Disk Utilities |
64 |
| |
|
|
Hard Disk Format |
65 |
| |
|
|
Auto Interleave |
67 |
| |
|
|
Hard Disk Utility Error Messages |
69 |
| Appendix A |
BIOS Identification Strings |
|
|
71 |
| Appendix B |
CMOS RAM Map |
|
|
73 |
| Index |
|
|
|
79 |
Preface
To the OEM Reader
The American Megatrends Hi-Flex AMIBIOS is a state of the art product that includes major engineering
innovations. The Hi-Flex AMIBIOS can be easily configured by the OEM, system integrator, or VAR via
AMIBIOS Configuration Program (AMIBCP). See the AMIBCP User's Guide for detailed information.
This manual was written for the OEM to assist in the proper use of AMIBIOS Setup. This manual is not
meant for the computer owner who purchases a computer with the Hi-Flex AMIBIOS. It is assumed that the
computer manufacturer will use this manual as a sourcebook of information to be included in the computer
owner's manual. It is also assumed that the OEM, VAR, or system integrator has also licensed the right
to use AMIBIOS technical documentation.
Additional Information
The American Megatrends EISA and ISA Hi-Flex AMIBIOS Technical Reference provides much more detailed
information about BIOS functions and features, and can be ordered from American Megatrends. It includes
discussions of the Keyboard Controller AMIBIOS, an EISA Overview, and a complete map of the AMIBIOS data area.
Acknowledgments
This manual was written by Paul Narushoff and the American Megatrends BIOS engineers.
Technical Support
If you need more information, call American Megatrends technical support at 404-246-8600. Have the following
information available before calling:
- BIOS Serial number and revision number,
- BIOS Identification Strings, a
- a clear description of the problem.
American Megatrends BBS
The BBS permits OEMs, VARs, and system integrators to access technical information about motherboard and BIOS
products. Product Engineering Change Notices, Tech Tips, Technical Notes, and complete technical manuals are
available on the BBS.
Data Transmission Rates
The BBS automatically handles modems with data transmission rates from 1,200 to 14,400 bps. If using an HST modem,
call 404-246-8780. If using a non-HST modem, call 404-246-8782.
BBS Phone Numbers
The following table lists the characteristics of the BBS phone numbers. The BBS requires no parity, 8 data bits,
and 1 stop bit.
| Phone Number |
Characteristics |
| 404-246-8780 |
Supports HST and v.42 |
| 404-246-8781 |
Supports HST and v.42 |
| 404-246-8782 |
Dual standard. Can handle 2400 or 9600 bps. Supports v.32 and v.42. Can handle up to 14,400 baud. |
| 404-246-8783 |
Supports v.32 and v.42 |
Chapter 1
Introduction
The system BIOS (Basic Input Output System) is the interface between the hardware and the software used in all IBM PC- ,
XT- , AT- , and PS/2 - compatible computers. This manual describes AMIBIOS features and the AMIBIOS Setup utility, which
is incorporated into the ROM BIOS. There are two additional AMIBIOS utilities that are only shipped to OEMs:
AMIBCP - The AMIBIOS Configuration Program
which is described in the American Megatrends AMIBCP User's Guide
AND
GreenBCP - The BIOS Configuration Program for Green PC systems
which is described in the American Megatrends Green BCP User's Guide.
Types of BIOS
There are several types of BIOS in a PC system. There is a video BIOS that controls the interface between the video
adapter card and the computer. There may also be adaptor ROM BIOSes that control specific hardware devices, such as
hard disk drives. Every system also has a Keyboard Controller BIOS in the system's keyboard controller.
Some systems include a SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface) BIOS that usually resides on the SCSI Host Adapter to
handle devices that adhere to the SCSI standard.
System BIOS
When BIOS is discussed, we usually think of the system BIOS, a collection of device drivers, initialization routines,
system data, and other code that controls the interface between the operating system and the system hardware on IBM PC,
XT, AT, PS/2 or compatible systems, and also on EISA computer systems.
Primary System BIOS Function
The primary function of the system BIOS is to provide a series of software interrupts, functions, and subfunctions that
perform certain system tasks, such as writing or reading from the hard disk drive, floppy disk drive, or video screen.
The BIOS user calls the BIOS, usually through assembler language, to directly manipulate the system hardware. The
programmer or engineer that uses the BIOS writes program code that places certain values in certain registers of the
microprocessor. The BIOS interprets these codes and passes values and error codes back to the requesting program.
Examples
Examples of BIOS interrupts and functions include:
| Interrupt |
Function |
Subfunction |
Purpose |
| INT 13h |
AH = 01h |
None |
Reads the status of the hard disk drives and the error code from the last BIOS hard disk operation. |
| INT 14h |
AH = 03h |
None |
Reads the serial port status and reports the status in registers AH and AL. |
| INT 15h |
AH = 84h |
AL = 01h |
Reads the current relative positions of the X and Y coordinates of the two joysticks. |
Secondary BIOS Functions
POST
The BIOS also performs a series of device intializations and diagnostic tests known as the power on self test (POST).
POST can generate error messages and beep codes to indicate a system problem. It generates beep codes if it cannot
yet access the system monitor.
Hi-Flex AMIBIOS error codes and messages are discussed in Chapter 3 on page 16.
Memory Test
The Hi-Flex AMIBIOS completely and thoroughly tests system memory. If there is a problem with memory, the BIOS displays
diagnostic information that helps the end user locate and fix the memory problem. See Chapter 3 for more information about
memory tests.
POST Checkpoint Codes
AMIBIOS POST routines generate checkpoint codes that can be used to diagnose where problems are occurring if the system
does not boot. These codes can be routed to the Manufacturing Test Port (I/O Port 80h) so that diagnostic equipment can
be attached to a problem system to analyze these codes. AMIBIOS POST checkpoint codes are described in the American
Megatrends ISA and EISA AMIBIOS Technical Reference.
Where the AMIBIOS is Stored
The system AMIBIOS is usually stored in one, two, or four read-only memory (ROM) chips on the computer motherboard. An
ISA AMIBIOS is located at address F0000h.
AT-compatible (ISA) BIOSes are normally stored in 64 KB. EISA BIOSes are stored in 128 KB or 512 KB. The following table
shows the number of chips required for each type of ROM chip.
| BIOS Size |
ROM Type |
ROM Size |
Number of ROM Chips |
| 64 KB ISA BIOS |
27256 |
256 kilobits |
2 |
| 64 KB ISA BIOS |
27512 |
512 kilobits |
1 |
| 64 KB ISA BIOS |
27010 |
1024 kilobits |
Not usable |
| 128 KB EISA BIOS |
27256 |
256 kilobits |
4 |
| 128 KB EISA BIOS |
27512 |
512 kilobits |
2 |
| 128 KB EISA BIOS |
27010 |
1024 kilobits |
1 |
| 512 KB EISA BIOS |
27010 |
1024 kilobits |
4 |
Chapter 2
AMIBIOS Features
ECP and EPP Support
The 08/08/93 core AMIBIOS and later AMIBIOS support ECP (Enhanced
Communications Port) and EPP (Extended Parallel Port) in the INT 17h Parallel
Port Service if the appropriate hardware is present in the computer and the
appropriate I/O support is provided in the BIOS.
Flash EPROM Support
The 08/08/93 core AMIBIOS and later AMIBIOS provide additional INT 16h
functions to support the hardware-independent American Megatrends Flash
Utility.
IDE Block Mode Transfer Support
The 08/08/93 core AMIBIOS and later AMIBIOS support the transfer of multiple
sectors to and from an IDE drive. An AMIBIOS Setup ADVANCED CMOS SETUP option
enables this feature. An AMIBIOS Setup option that specifies the maximum number
of sectors that can be transferred at a time may also be present. See page
*.
IDE Standby Mode Support
The 08/08/93 core AMIBIOS and later AMIBIOS provides IDE Standby mode. IDE
Standby Mode spins down the IDE hard disk drive after a prespecified timeout
period of hard disk inactivity expires. IDE Standby mode is not supported by
some IDE drives. The timeout period can be specified by the end user in AMIBIOS
Setup if the specific AMIBIOS has been customized in AMIBCP to add such
support.
AMIBIOS Features,
Continued
Printer I/O Delay
The printer I/O delay has been decreased in the 08/08/93 core AMIBIOS.
Green PC Support
The 08/08/93 core AMIBIOS and later AMIBIOS support Green PC functions when
used in a system with the American Megatrends MegaKey keyboard controller. See
the American Megatrends MegaKey Reference for additional information. The
OEM must also use the GreenBCP BIOS Configuration Program as well as AMIBCP when
configuring Green PC options. The Green PC device timeout feature uses extended
CMOS RAM.
Green PC features include:
keyboard clock speed setting,
selecting hot keys, and
setting device timeout power down parameters (1 - 255 minutes) for up to
five peripheral devices.
AMIBIOS Setup options permit the end user to control the timeout values for
each individual power-controlled peripheral device. The OEM must rename the
generic timeout option names provided in AMIBCP to relate to the specific
peripheral device under power management. The OEM should change the option names
in the AMIBCP Advanced Setup Options Power Management Setup screen to Hard Disk
Drive Timeout, Floppy Timeout, LCD Timeout, etc.).
The Green PC functions cannot be used with the AutoKeyLock feature. For
additional information about Green PC support in AMIBIOS, see the American
Megatrends GreenBCP User's Guide.
AMIBIOS Features,
Continued
AutoKeyLock
The 08/08/93 core AMIBIOS and later AMIBIOS support AutoKeyLock. AutoKeyLock
can only be used in desktop systems with an AMIBIOS desktop BIOS that also have
an American Megatrends MegaKey keyboard controller. An AMIBIOS Setup option is
used by the end user to set the AutoKeyLock timeout period. When AutoKeyLock and
the Password feature are enabled and no system activity has occurred for the
specified time period, the system locks and the end user must enter the correct
password.
AutoKeyLock cannot be used in conjunction with the Green PC functions.
PS/2 Keyboard Error Detection
The 08/08/93 core AMIBIOS and later AMIBIOS display a keyboard error if a
PS/2 mouse is inserted in a PS/2 keyboard port.
Keyboard Speed Switching
You can increase processor speeds at any time by pressing <Ctrl>
<Alt> <+>. Processor speed can be decreased by pressing <Ctrl>
<Alt> <-> (except in 80486-based systems). You can modify these
keystroke combinations through AMIBCP. The above values are merely the default
settings.
Enable Cache Memory
Both external and internal (if the CPU is an 80486) cache memory can be
enabled by pressing <Ctrl> <Alt> <Shift> <+> or disabled
by pressing <Ctrl> <Alt> <Shift> <->. You can modify
these keystroke combinations through AMIBCP. The above values are merely the
default settings.
AMIBIOS Features,
Continued
Password Support
AMIBIOS provides password support can be selected from ADVANCED CMOS SETUP.
The password prompt can occur every time AMIBIOS Setup is run or every time the
system boots.
Password Deletion
The system designer can permit the end user to easily delete a system
password, in case the user forgets the password.
Should the user forget the password and not be able to use the computer,
AMIBIOS allows you to implement a circumvention to this problem in the system
hardware design that will not require removal and reinstallation of the CMOS RAM
power supply.
In the system hardware design, connect P15 of the keyboard controller (Pin 32
on the DIP type of keyboard controller) to GND and turn the system on. This
forces POST Diagnostics to run. After completing one Diagnostics test, the
password is deleted from CMOS RAM and the user can reboot and run the system.
The system must be designed so the P15 signal can be immediately disconnected
from Ground after the above procedure has been completed to permit normal
operations to resume.
Advanced Power Management (APM)
AMIBIOS supports the Intel/Microsoft INT 15h Advanced Power Management BIOS
functions.
System Memory Detect
AMIBIOS automatically detects all system memory, the type of processor used
in the system, and onboard/offboard floppy, IDE, serial, and parallel
controllers. It automatically configures onboard controllers to prevent
conflicts.
AMIBIOS Features,
Continued
Detects Non-Standard Hard Drive Parameters
If Autodetect Hard Disk Drive is selected, AMIBIOS detects all IDE
drives and reports IDE drive parameters accurately.
Local Bus Support
AMIBIOS supports the VESAÔ VL-BusÔ and Intelฎ PCI local bus standards. AMIBIOS supports all
PCI-specific BIOS calls.
Socket Services and Card Services
AMIBIOS supports the INT 1Ah Socket Services and Card Services functions.
Automatically Detects Processor Type and Speed
AMIBIOS knows the processor speed and the processor type. AMIBIOS can detect
and report the following processors:
Intel 386SX, 386DX, 386SL, 486SL, 486SX, 486DX, 486DX2, Pentium, and all
other Intel CPUs,
All AMD processors,
IBM Blue Lightning, 386SLC, and 486SLC2,
Cyrix Cx486SLC, Cx486DLC, Cx486S, Cx486SLC2, Cx486DLC2, Cx486S2,
single-clock Cx486DX, double-clock Cx486DX, and the
Texas Instruments Potomac.
AMIBIOS also can detect all other 386- and 486-compatible CPUs and executes
BIOS code accordingly. AMIBIOS also automatically detects the Cyrix Cx487S or
Cx487S2 math coprocessor when used in conjunction with the Cyrix Cx486S or
Cx486S2 CPU in a system.
AMIBIOS Features,
Continued
Automatically Detects Memory Size
AMIBIOS checks all system and cache memory and reports them both on the
initial AMIBIOS screen and the AMIBIOS System Configuration Screen that appears
after POST is completed. In systems with more than 1 MB, AMIBIOS reports 384 KB
less RAM than it finds, because it accounts for the address space between 640K
and 1024K that is unavailable to DOS. This space is used for video RAM, video
BIOS, system BIOS, and adaptor ROMs.
Configures Non-Standard Systems
Through AMIBIOS Setup, you can easily configure systems that have no
keyboards, monitors, or disk drives by selecting Not Installed in
STANDARD CMOS SETUP, all error messages about missing devices are suppressed,
resulting in a normal boot.
Easily Configured
The AMIBIOS Configuration Program (AMIBCP) allows you to set both power-on
and BIOS defaults for all BIOS options. It allows you to pick and choose
ADVANCED CMOS SETUP and ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP options displayed to the end
user. You can easily customize and test a system AMIBIOS for a new system in
minutes with AMIBCP.
2.88 MB 3ฝ" Floppy Drive
Support
AMIBIOS supports 2.88 MB 3ฝ" floppy drives, configured in STANDARD CMOS SETUP.
User-Definable Hard Disk Types
The Hi-Flex AMIBIOS allows the end user to define hard disk types for both
hard drives in a system.
AMIBIOS Features,
Continued
Supports Nonstandard Systems
The Hi-Flex AMIBIOS can bypass keyboard, floppy, and video boot errors so
specialized systems (such as file servers) without keyboards, floppies, or
monitors can be configured easily.
Support PS/2 Mouse
The Hi-Flex AMIBIOS supports PS/2-type mouse devices if the appropriate
hardware is present.
Supports Hardware-Specific Features
Many chipsets used in ISA systems have features such as paged memory, memory
interleaving, EMS support, Fast Gate A20 Support, and power management. AMIBIOS
for specific chipsets support these types of features. Call an American
Megatrends Sales Representative for more information about chipset-specific
AMIBIOS.
I/O Controller
Support
AMIBIOS has easily added support for the Intelฎ 82341, VLSI 82C106 and
82C107, C&T 82C710, 82C711, 82C712, or 82C725, National Semiconductor
PC87310, PC87311, and PC87312 I/O or Peripheral controllers. Support is also
provided for the SMC FCD637C651 and FCD637C611 Super I/O Controllers.
Boot Sector Virus Protection
Boot Sector Virus Protection is an option in ADVANCED CMOS SETUP. When
enabled, AMIBIOS warns the user when any program attempts to write to or format
the boot sector and allows the user to intervene.
AMIBIOS Features,
Continued
82C206 DMA Support
AMIBIOS support for the 82C206 chip includes DMA support that can be easily
added by calling American Megatrends.
Parallel and Serial Port Support
AMIBIOS supports up to four serial ports and four parallel ports. The fourth
parallel port is not supported if PS/2-type mouse support is enabled.
Shadow RAM Support
The Hi-Flex AMIBIOS can copy 16 KB blocks of video, system, and adaptor ROMs
from address C0000h through EFFFFh to RAM for faster execution. The system BIOS
at F0000h is automatically shadowed to RAM. ROM shadow means that the ROM
contents are copied from slower ROM (120-200 ns) to faster RAM (54-100 ns).
Often ROM is 8-bits wide and RAM is 16-bits, or ROM is 16-bits wide and RAM is
32-bits wide, and shadowing increases speed by widening the data path. The
contents of ROM are then executed from RAM. Shadow settings are chipset-specific
and are dependent on system hardware and are displayed in ADVANCED CMOS SETUP.
Each option copies a 16 KB memory segment from ROM to RAM. The video ROM
segments are C0000h and C4000h. The adaptor ROM address segments that can be
shadowed are C8000h through EC000h. If an option is enabled, all code in that 16
KB segment is shadowed.
Typematic Rate and Delay
AMIBIOS allows the end user to set the speed that a keystroke is repeated at
and the delay before the repeating starts.
AMIBIOS Features,
Continued
Num Lock Disable
AMIBIOS allows the end user to set the Num Lock key on or off at system
boot.
Boot Sequence and Speed
AMIBIOS allows the end user to determine if the system boots from drive C: or
A: and the processor boot speed (High or Low).
Fast Gate A20 Support
AMIBIOS supports the Fast Gate A20 option on many ASIC chipsets. Normally,
the keyboard controller is used to switch between real and protected address
modes with Gate A20. Fast Gate A20 substitutes a faster method for address mode
switching, often using I/O ports.
Memory Test Tick Sound
The 08/08/93 core AMIBIOS and any later AMIBIOS permits the end user to press
<Esc> or <Del> during the memory test to disable the ticking sound
and bypass the memory test
AMIBIOS Utilities
AMIBIOS utilities are stored in ROM and are available when the system boots.
The end user can press <Del> to select Setup or hard disk utilities. The
Hi-Flex AMIBIOS utilities are:
AMIBIOS Setup pages
Hard disk format page
Auto interleave page
Media Analysis page
Additional AMIBIOS Utilities
AMIBCP The American Megatrends BIOS Configuration Program allows OEMs to
easily customize an AMIBIOS. See the American Megatrends AMIBCP User's
Guide.
GreenBCP The American Megatrends Green PC BIOS Configuration Program is run
after AMIBCP on a specific AMIBIOS .ROM file and allows OEMs to easily customize
Green PC features. See the American Megatrends GreenBCP User's
Guide.
Chapter 3
AMIBIOS Power-On Self Test
Hi-Flex AMIBIOS provides all IBM standard Power-On Self Test (POST) routines
as well as enhanced AMIBIOS POST routines. AMIBIOS POST supports CPU internal
diagnostics. AMIBIOS POST checkpoint codes are accessible via the Manufacturing
Test Port (I/O Port 80h). AMIBIOS checkpoint codes are documented in the ISA
and EISA AMIBIOS Technical Reference.
POST Phases
Every time the system is powered on, the Hi-Flex AMIBIOS executes two types
of POST routines:
System Test and Initialization (test and initialize AMIBIOS for normal
operations) and
System Configuration Verification (compare defined configuration with
hardware actually installed).
BIOS Error Reporting
BIOS errors are reported in one of two ways:
If... |
then... |
|
the error occurs before the display device is
initialized, |
a series of beeps sound. Beep codes indicate that a fatal error has
occurred. AMIBIOS Beep Codes are described on the next
page. |
|
the error occurs after the display device is initialized, |
the error message is displayed. AMIBIOS error messages are explained on
page *. A prompt to press <F1> can also
appear with displayed error
messages. |
Beep Codes
Fatal errors, which halt the boot process, are communicated through a series
of audible beeps. If AMIBIOS POST can initialize the system video display, it
displays the error message. Displayed error messages, in most cases, allow the
system to continue to boot. Displayed error messages are described on page
*.
AMIBIOS Beep Codes
Beeps |
Error message |
Description |
|
1 |
Refresh Failure |
The memory refresh circuitry is faulty. |
|
2 |
Parity Error |
Parity error in the base memory (the first 64 KB block) of
memory. |
|
3 |
Base 64 KB Memory Failure |
Memory failure in first 64 KB. |
|
4 |
Timer Not Operational |
A memory failure in the first 64 KB of memory, or Timer 1 is not
functioning. |
|
5 |
Processor error |
The CPU generated an error. |
|
6 |
8042 - Gate A20 Failure |
Cannot switch to protected mode. |
|
7 |
Processor Exception Interrupt Error |
The CPU on the CPU Card generated an exception
interrupt. |
|
8 |
Display Memory Read/Write Error |
The system video adapter is either missing or its memory is faulty.
This is not a fatal error. |
|
9 |
ROM Checksum Error |
The ROM checksum value does not match the value encoded in
AMIBIOS. |
|
10 |
CMOS Shutdown Register Read/Write Error |
The shutdown register for CMOS RAM has failed. |
|
11 |
Cache memory bad do not enable cache |
The cache memory test failed. Cache memory is disabled. Do not press
<Ctrl> <Alt> <Shift> <+> to enable cache
memory. |
Troubleshooting System Problems
What to Do If the Computer Beeps
Here is what you need to do if your computer has an AMIBIOS and it starts
beeping:
If the
system beeps... |
then... |
|
1, 2, or 3 times... |
reseat the memory SIMMs or DIPs. If the system still beeps, replace the
memory. |
|
6 times... |
reseat the keyboard controller chip. If it still beeps, replace the
keyboard controller. If it still beeps, try a different keyboard, or
replace the keyboard fuse, if the keyboard has one. |
|
8 times... |
there is a memory error on the video adapter. Replace the video
adapter, or the RAM on the video adapter. |
|
9 times... |
the BIOS chip is bad. The system probably needs a new BIOS ROM
chip. |
|
11 times... |
reseat the cache memory on the motherboard. If it still beeps, replace
the cache memory. |
|
4, 5, 7, or 10 times... |
the motherboard must be
replaced. |
AMIBIOS Displayed Error
Messages
If an error occurs after the system display has been initialized, the error
message are displayed as follows:
ERROR Message Line 1
ERROR Message Line 2
Press <F1> to continue
and the system halts. The system does not halt if Wait for <F1> If
Any Error in ADVANCED CMOS SETUP is Disabled.
RUN SETUP UTILITY.
may also appear. Press <F1> to run AMIBIOS Setup if this message
appears.
Error
Message |
Explanation |
|
8042 Gate-A20 Error |
Gate A20 on the keyboard controller (8042) is not working. Replace the
8042. |
|
Address Line Short! |
Error in the address decoding circuitry. |
|
C: Drive Error |
No response from drive C:. Run the Hard Disk Utility. Check the C: hard
disk type in STANDARD CMOS SETUP. |
|
C: Drive Failure |
No response from hard disk drive C:. Replace the
drive. |
|
Cache Memory Bad, Do Not Enable Cache! |
Cache memory is defective. Run AMIDiag. |
|
CH-2 Timer Error |
An AT system has two timers. There is an error in
timer2. |
|
CMOS Battery State Low |
CMOS RAM is powered by a battery. The battery power is low. Replace the
battery. |
|
CMOS Checksum Failure |
CMOS RAM checksum is different than the previous value. Run AMIBIOS
Setup. |
|
CMOS System Options Not Set |
The values stored in CMOS RAM are either corrupt or nonexistent. Run
AMIBIOS Setup. |
|
CMOS Display Type Mismatch |
The video type in CMOS RAM does not match the type detected. Run
AMIBIOS Setup. |
|
CMOS Memory Size Mismatch |
The amount of memory found by the BIOS is different than the amount in
CMOS RAM. Run AMIBIOS Setup. |
|
CMOS Time & Date Not Set |
Run STANDARD CMOS SETUP to set the date and time. |
|
D: Drive Error |
No response from drive D:. Run the Hard Disk Utility. Check the hard
disk type in STANDARD CMOS SETUP. |
|
D: drive failure |
No response from hard disk drive D:. Replace the
drive. |
|
Diskette Boot Failure |
The boot diskette in drive A: cannot be used to boot the system. Use
another boot diskette and follow the screen instructions. |
|
Display Switch Not Proper |
Some systems require a video switch be set to either color or
monochrome. Turn the system off, set the switch properly, then power
on. |
|
DMA Error |
Error in the DMA controller. |
|
DMA 1 Error |
Error in the first DMA channel. |
|
DMA 2 Error |
Error in the second DMA channel. |
|
FDD Controller Failure |
The BIOS cannot communicate with the floppy disk drive controller.
Check all appropriate connections after the system is powered
down. |
|
HDD Controller Failure |
The BIOS cannot communicate with the hard disk drive controller. Check
all appropriate connections after the system is powered
down. |
|
INTR1 Error |
Interrupt channel 1 failed POST. |
|
INTR2 Error |
Interrupt channel 2 failed POST. |
|
Invalid Boot Diskette |
The BIOS can read the diskette in floppy drive A:, but it cannot boot
the system with it. Use another boot diskette and follow the screen
instructions. |
|
Keyboard Is Locked...Unlock It |
The keyboard lock on the system is engaged. The system must be unlocked
to continue to boot. |
|
Keyboard Error |
The keyboard has a timing problem. Make sure a Keyboard Controller
AMIBIOS is installed. Set Keyboard in STANDARD CMOS SETUP to Not
Installed to skip the keyboard POST routines. |
|
KB/Interface Error |
There is an error in the keyboard connector. |
|
No ROM BASIC |
Cannot find a proper bootable sector on either drive A: or C:. The BIOS
cannot find ROM Basic. |
|
Off Board Parity Error |
Parity error in memory installed on an adapter card in an expansion
slot. The format is:
OFF BOARD PARITY ERROR ADDR = (XXXX)
XXXX is the hex address where the error occurred. Run AMIDiag to
find and correct memory problems. |
|
On Board Parity Error |
Parity error in motherboard memory. The format is:
ON BOARD PARITY ERROR ADDR = (XXXX)
XXXX is the hex address where the error occurred. Run AMIDiag to
find and correct memory problems. |
|
Parity Error ???? |
Parity error in system memory at an unknown address. Run AMIDiag to
find and correct memory problems. |
POST Memory
Test
Normally, the only visible POST routine is the memory test. The screen that
appears when the system is powered on is shown below.
AMIBIOS (C) 1993 American
Megatrends Inc.
XXXXX KB OK
Hit <DEL> if you want to run SETUP
(C) American Megatrends Inc.
XX-XXXX-XXXXXX-XXXXXXXX-XXXXXX-XXXX-X |
An AMIBIOS Identification string is displayed at the left bottom corner of
the screen, below the copyright message. Press <Ins> during system boot to
display two additional AMIBIOS Identification strings. The AMIBIOS
Identification Strings show the options installed in the Hi-Flex AMIBIOS. You
will need this information when calling for technical support.
Displaying Additional AMIBIOS ID Strings
Step |
Action |
|
1 |
Enable Wait for <F1> If any Error in ADVANCED CMOS SETUP
to Enabled before freezing the screen. |
|
2 |
When a problem occurs, freeze the screen by powering on the system and
holding a key down on the keyboard to cause a Keyboard Error
message. |
|
3 |
Copy the three lines and report this information to AMI. Press
<F1> to continue the boot
process. |
The following is displayed after POST completes:
Hit <DEL> if you want to run
SETUP
Press <Del> to access Hi-Flex AMIBIOS Setup.
EISA Error
Messages
An EISA AMIBIOS can generate additional error messages. None of these
messages is fatal. The EISA AMIBIOS error messages are:
Error
Message |
Explanation |
|
EISA CMOS Checksum Failure |
The Checksum for EISA CMOS is bad. The battery for EISA CMOS RAM may be
bad. |
|
EISA CMOS inoperational |
A Read/Write error occurred in extended CMOS RAM. The battery may be
bad. |
|
Expansion Board not ready at Slot X, Y,
Z |
AMIBIOS cannot find the expansion board in Slot X, Y, or
Z. Make sure the board is in the correct slot and is correctly
seated. |
|
Fail-Safe Timer NMI Inoperational |
Devices that depend on the fail-safe NMI timer is not operating
correctly. |
|
ID information mismatch for Slot X, Y,
Z. |
The ID of the EISA Expansion Board in Slot X, Y, or Z
does not match the ID in EISA CMOS RAM. |
|
Invalid Configuration Information for Slot X, Y,
Z. |
The configuration information for EISA Expansion Boards X, Y, or
Z is not correct. The board cannot be configured. Run the
ECU. |
|
Software Port NMI Inoperational |
The software port NMI is not
working. |
ISA NMI Handler Messages
ISA
NMI Message |
Explanation |
|
Memory Parity Error at xxxxx |
Memory failed. If the memory location can be determined, it is
displayed as xxxxx. If not, the message is Memory Parity Error
????. |
|
I/O Card Parity Error at xxxxx |
An expansion card failed. If the address can be determined, it is
displayed as xxxxx. If not, the message is I/O Card Parity Error
????. |
|
DMA Bus Time-out |
A device has driven the bus signal for more than 7.8
microseconds. |
EISA AMIBIOS NMI Error
Messages
The EISA AMIBIOS can generate additional NMI messages that are specific to
EISA systems.
EISA
NMI Message |
Explanation |
|
BUS Timeout NMI at Slot n |
There was a Bus Timeout NMI at
Slot n. |
|
(E)nable (D)isable Expansion Board? |
Type E to enable the expansion board that had an NMI or D to disable
it. |
|
Expansion Board Disabled at Slot n |
The expansion board in Slot n has been
disabled. |
|
Expansion Board NMI at Slot n |
An expansion board NMI was generated from Slot
n. |
|
Fail-Safe Timer NMI |
A fail-safe timer NMI has been generated. |
|
Software Port NMI |
A software port NMI has been
generated. |
BIOS Configuration Summary
Screen
AMIBIOS displays a screen that looks similar to the following when the POST
routines complete successfully.
System Configuration (C)
Copyright 1985-1991 American Megatrends Inc. |
Main Processor
Numeric Coprocessor
Floppy Drive A:
Floppy Drive B:
Display Type:
ROM-BIOS Date:
|
: 80486
: Present
: 1.2 MB ฝ
: 1.44 MB ผ
: VGA or EGA
: 05/01/91 |
Base Memory Size
Ext. Memory Size
Hard Disk C: Type
Hard Disk D: Type
Serial Port(s)
Parallel Port(s) |
: 640 KB
: 7808 KB
: 44
: None
: 3F8
: 378 |
|
Memory Found |
|
Memory Configured |
|
Bank 1=1 MB Bank 2=1 Meg |
Bank 1=1 MB Bank 2=1 Meg |
|
Shadow RAM F000=Enable Cache Memory=64K
C000=Enable C400=Enable C800=Enable CC00=Enable
D000=Disable D400=Disable D800=Disable DD00=Disable
E000=Disable E400=Disable E800=Disable EC00=Disable
|
Chapter 4
AMIBIOS Setup
AMIBIOS Setup is divided into five parts. Not all of these may appear on all
systems with an AMIBIOS.
ง STANDARD CMOS SETUP,
ง ADVANCED CMOS SETUP,
ง ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP,
ง POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP, and
ง Peripheral SETUP.
STANDARD CMOS SETUP
STANDARD CMOS SETUP permits the end user to configure and set system
components such as floppy drives, hard disk drives, time and date, monitor type,
and keyboard. These options are discussed in Section 2 beginning on page
*.
ADVANCED CMOS SETUP
ADVANCED CMOS SETUP allows the end user to configure more advanced parts of
memory configuration, peripheral support, and power management support. ADVANCED
CMOS SETUP is discussed in Section 3 beginning on page *.
ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP
ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP configures chipset-specific features and is discussed
in Section 4 beginning on page *.
AMIBIOS Setup,
Continued
POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP
This option appears in AMIBIOS manufactured after May 1991. This option is
used only when the computer system has power management features. It is usually
used only in notebook and other systems with power conservation features. See
page * for more information.
Peripheral SETUP
This option appears only in AMIBIOS manufactured after November 1991. The
options on this screen configure system features managed by Peripheral or I/O
controllers. See page * for additional information.
Default Settings
Every option in AMIBIOS Setup contains two default values: a Power-On default
and the BIOS Setup default value.
The Power-On Defaults
The Power-On default settings consist of the safest set of parameters. Use
them if the system is behaving erratically. They should always work but do not
provide optimal system performance characteristics.
BIOS Setup Defaults
The BIOS Setup default values provide optimum performance settings for all
devices and system features.
Section 1
Running AMIBIOS Setup
The system parameters (such as amount of memory, disk drives, video displays,
and numeric coprocessors) is stored in CMOS RAM. When the computer is turned
off, a back-up battery provides power to CMOS RAM, which retains the system
parameters. Every time the system is powered-on, it is configured with these
values, unless CMOS RAM has been corrupted.
The system configuration parameters are set via AMIBIOS Setup. AMIBIOS Setup
resides in the ROM BIOS (Read Only Memory Basic Input/Output System) and is
available each time the computer is turned on.
Default System Parameters
If CMOS RAM is bad, the system is configured with the default values stored
in ROM. There are two sets of BIOS values stored in the ROM file: the BIOS Setup
default values and the Power-On default values.
Starting Setup
As POST executes, the following appears:
Hit <DEL> if you want to run SETUP
Press <Del> to run Hi-Flex AMIBIOS Setup.
AMIBIOS Setup Key
Use
Keystroke |
Action |
|
<Esc> |
Returns to previous screen. |
|
ฎ , ฌ ,
, and ¯
|
Move the cursor from one option to the next. |
|
<PgUp> and <PgDn>;
<Ctrl><PgUp>
<Ctrl><PgDn> |
Modify the default value of the options for the highlighted parameter.
If there are fewer than 10 options, <Ctrl> <PgUp> and
<Ctrl> <PgDn> operate like <PgUp> and <PgDn>.
<Ctrl> can also be used to increment a setting. |
|
<F1> |
Displays Help. |
|
<F2> |
Change background colors. |
|
<F3> |
Change foreground colors. |
|
<F5> |
Restores the values resident when the current Setup session began.
These values are taken from CMOS RAM if CMOS RAM was uncorrupted at the
start of the session. Otherwise, AMIBIOS Setup default values are
used. |
|
<F6> |
Loads all features in ADVANCED CMOS SETUP and ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP
with the BIOS Setup defaults. |
|
<F7> |
Loads all features in ADVANCED CMOS SETUP and ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP
with the Power-On defaults. |
|
<F10> |
Saves all changes made to Setup and continues the boot
process. |
Note: The default value for <F5>, <F6>, and <F7> is
always N. To execute these options, change the N to Y and press
<Enter>.
AMIBIOS Setup Main
Menu
The AMIBIOS Setup Main Menu is shown below. All options may not appear on the
AMIBIOS Setup screens in your computer because OEMs can enable or disable the
menu items.
Main
Menu Option |
Described on |
|
STANDARD CMOS SETUP |
page * |
|
ADVANCED CMOS SETUP |
page * |
|
ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP |
page * |
|
POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP |
page * |
|
Peripheral SETUP |
page * |
|
Auto Configuration With BIOS Defaults |
page * |
|
Auto Configuration with Power On Defaults |
page * |
|
Change Password |
page * |
|
Auto Detect Hard Disk |
page * |
|
Hard Disk Utility |
page * |
|
Write to CMOS and Exit |
page * |
|
Do Not Write to CMOS and Exit |
page * |
BIOS Default Values
AMIBIOS has default settings for many options in the five types of Setup. In
STANDARD CMOS SETUP, default values are only loaded if CMOS RAM is corrupt. All
STANDARD CMOS SETUP default settings are disabled (floppy, hard disk, monitor,
keyboard). In all other type of Setup, both BIOS and Power-On defaults are
provided for most options.
Auto Configuration With BIOS Defaults
By choosing Auto Configuration With BIOS Defaults, you automatically
configure the system using the BIOS default values. The BIOS default value are
best-case values that should optimize system performance. If CMOS RAM is
corrupted, the BIOS defaults are loaded automatically.
To use the BIOS defaults, type Y and press <Enter>. The following
message appears:
Default values loaded. Press any key to continue.
Auto Configuration With Power-On
Defaults
By choosing Auto Configuration with Power-On Defaults, you automatically
configure the system using the default Power-On values. Power-On default values
are worst-case values for system performance, but are the most stable values.
Use this option as a diagnostic aid if the system is behaving erratically.
Type Y and press <Enter> to use the Power-On defaults. The
following message appears:
Default values loaded. Press any key to continue.
Autodetect Hard
Disk
This option detects the hard disk parameters for IDE hard disk drives. It
displays the parameters that it detects (see the following screen) and allows
the end user to accept or reject the parameters. If accepted, these parameters
are displayed in the Hard Disk Drive C: or D: fields in STANDARD CMOS SETUP as
Type 47.
If an IDE drive is found and you accept the parameters, AMIBIOS places the
hard disk drive parameters that it finds in the Hard Dive C: or Hard Drive D:
field in STANDARD CMOS SETUP and sets Type 47. All you have to do is accept
these values.
Write to CMOS and
Exit
The configurations settings in Standard Setup, ADVANCED CMOS SETUP, ADVANCED
CHIPSET SETUP, POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP, Peripheral SETUP Password, and Auto
Detect Hard Disk are stored in CMOS RAM when this option is selected. A CMOS RAM
checksum is calculated and written to CMOS RAM and control is passed to the
system BIOS.
Write to CMOS and Exit
(Y/N) ? N |
appears. Press N and <Enter> to return to the Main Menu. Press
Y and <Enter> to save the system parameters and continue the boot
process. AMIBIOS either reboots the system (if any new settings change the
memory map) or continues the boot process.
Do Not Write to CMOS RAM and
Exit
This option passes control to the BIOS without writing any changes to CMOS
RAM.
Press N and <Enter> to return to the Main Menu. Press Y
and <Enter> to continue the boot process without saving any system
parameters changed in Setup.
Section 2
STANDARD CMOS SETUP
STANDARD CMOS SETUP sets basic system parameters, such as day, date, time,
and hard disk type. Use and ¯ to select STANDARD CMOS SETUP and press <Enter>. The
following appears.
STANDARD CMOS SETUP
OPTIONS
Date And Day Configuration
Ranges for each value are shown in the lower left corner of the screen. Move
the cursor to the Date field with ฎ , ฌ , , or ¯ and set the Date and Day by pressing <PgUp> and
<PgDn>.
Time Configuration
This option uses a 24-hour clock format (add 12 for PM numbers). Enter 4:30
P.M. as 16:30:00. Move the cursor to the Time field with the ฎ , ฌ , , or ¯ and set the time by
pressing <PgUp> and <PgDn> to change values.
STANDARD CMOS SETUP Options,
Continued
Hard Disk Drive C:
Hard Disk Drive D:
Move to these fields via the and ¯ keys and use <PgUp or <PgDn> to select a hard disk
drive type. Match the parameters of the drive in your computer to the hard drive
type table on page *. The hard drive manufacturer should provide a
list of the drive parameters. If none of the hard drive types match, use type
47. Not Installed is used for diskless workstations and SCSI hard disk
drives. Type 47 can be used for both hard disks C: and D:, and is primarily for
IDE drives. The parameters for type 47 for drives C: and D: can be different,
permitting user-definable hard drives.
Using Auto Detect Hard Disk
If you select Auto Detect Hard Disk from the AMIBIOS Main Menu, AMIBIOS
automatically finds all IDE hard disk drive parameters and places these
parameters in the Hard Dive C: or Hard Drive D: field in STANDARD CMOS SETUP.
All you have to do is accept these values. Otherwise, you must manually enter
the parameters, described in the following table.
Parameter |
Description |
|
Type |
The number for a drive with certain identification
parameters. |
|
Cylinders |
The number of cylinders in the disk drive. |
|
Heads |
The number of heads in the disk drive. |
|
Write Precompensation |
The size of a sector gets progressively smaller as the track diameter
diminishes. Yet each sector must still hold 512 bytes. Write
precompensation circuitry on the disk drive compensates for the physical
difference in sector size by boosting the write current for sectors on
inner tracks. This is the track number where write precompensation
begins. |
|
Landing Zone |
This number is the cylinder location where the heads normally park when
the system is shut down. |
|
Sectors |
The number of sectors per track. MFM drives have 17 sectors per track.
RLL drives have 26 sectors per track. ESDI drives have 34 sectors per
track. SCSI and IDE drives have even more sectors per
track. |
|
Capacity |
The formatted capacity of the drive is the Number of Heads x Number of
Cylinders x Number of Sectors per Track x 512 bytes (Bytes per
Sector). |
STANDARD CMOS SETUP Options,
Continued
Hard Disk Drive Types
Type |
Cylinders |
Heads |
Write
Precompensation |
Landing
Zone |
Sectors |
Size |
|
1 |
306 |
4 |
128 |
305 |
17 |
10 MB |
|
2 |
615 |
4 |
300 |
615 |
17 |
20 MB |
|
3 |
615 |
6 |
300 |
615 |
17 |
31 MB |
|
4 |
940 |
8 |
512 |
940 |
17 |
62 MB |
|
5 |
940 |
6 |
512 |
940 |
17 |
47 MB |
|
6 |
615 |
4 |
65535 |
615 |
17 |
20 MB |
|
7 |
462 |
8 |
256 |
511 |
17 |
31 MB |
|
8 |
733 |
5 |
65535 |
733 |
17 |
30 MB |
|
9 |
900 |
15 |
65535 |
901 |
17 |
112 MB |
|
10 |
820 |
3 |
65535 |
820 |
17 |
20 MB |
|
11 |
855 |
5 |
65535 |
855 |
17 |
35 MB |
|
12 |
855 |
7 |
65535 |
855 |
17 |
50 MB |
|
13 |
306 |
8 |
128 |
319 |
17 |
20 MB |
|
14 |
733 |
7 |
65535 |
733 |
17 |
43 MB |
|
16 |
612 |
4 |
0 |
663 |
17 |
20 MB |
|
17 |
977 |
5 |
300 |
977 |
17 |
41 MB |
|
18 |
977 |
7 |
65535 |
977 |
17 |
57 MB |
|
19 |
1024 |
7 |
512 |
1023 |
17 |
60 MB |
|
20 |
733 |
5 |
300 |
732 |
17 |
30 MB |
|
21 |
733 |
7 |
300 |
732 |
17 |
43 MB |
|
22 |
733 |
5 |
300 |
733 |
17 |
30 MB |
|
23 |
306 |
4 |
0 |
336 |
17 |
10 MB |
|
24 |
925 |
7 |
0 |
925 |
17 |
54 MB |
|
25 |
925 |
9 |
65535 |
925 |
17 |
69 MB |
|
26 |
754 |
7 |
754 |
754 |
17 |
44 MB |
|
27 |
754 |
11 |
65535 |
754 |
17 |
69 MB |
|
28 |
699 |
7 |
256 |
699 |
17 |
41 MB |
|
29 |
823 |
10 |
65535 |
823 |
17 |
68 MB |
|
30 |
918 |
7 |
918 |
918 |
17 |
53 MB |
|
31 |
1024 |
11 |
65535 |
1024 |
17 |
94 MB |
|
32 |
1024 |
15 |
65535 |
1024 |
17 |
128 MB |
|
33 |
1024 |
5 |
1024 |
1024 |
17 |
43 MB |
|
34 |
612 |
2 |
128 |
612 |
17 |
10 MB |
|
35 |
1024 |
9 |
65535 |
1024 |
17 |
77 MB |
|
36 |
1024 |
8 |
512 |
1024 |
17 |
68 MB |
|
37 |
615 |
8 |
128 |
615 |
17 |
41 MB |
|
38 |
987 |
3 |
987 |
987 |
17 |
25 MB |
|
39 |
987 |
7 |
987 |
987 |
17 |
57 MB |
|
40 |
820 |
6 |
820 |
820 |
17 |
41 MB |
|
41 |
977 |
5 |
977 |
977 |
17 |
41 MB |
|
42 |
981 |
5 |
981 |
981 |
17 |
41 MB |
|
43 |
830 |
7 |
512 |
830 |
17 |
48 MB |
|
44 |
830 |
10 |
65535 |
830 |
17 |
69 MB |
|
45 |
917 |
15 |
65535 |
918 |
17 |
114 MB |
|
46 |
1224 |
15 |
65535 |
1223 |
17 |
152 MB |
|
47 |
ENTER PARAMETERS PROVIDED BY HARD DRIVE
MANUFACTURER |
STANDARD CMOS SETUP Options,
Continued
Control Byte Parameter in Hard Drive Parameter Table
The Control Byte parameter is not shown in the previous table. The Control
Byte value is always 0, except for hard disk drive type 25, 27, 29, 32, 32, 35,
44, 45, and 46, when it is 8.
Floppy Drive A:
Floppy Drive B:
Use <PgUp or <PgDn> to select a floppy drive type. The settings are
360 KB 5ผ inch, 1.2 MB 5ผ inch,
720 KB 3ฝ inch, 1.44 MB 3ฝ inch,
2.88 MB 3ฝ inch, or Not Installed, which is used to
configure diskless workstations. The BIOS does not generate error messages if
Not Installed is selected.
Primary Display
Use <PgUp or <PgDn> to select a setting. The settings are
Monochrome, Color 40x25, Color 80x25, VGA/PGA/EGA,
or Not Installed, which is used to configure network file servers. The
BIOS does not generate missing monitor messages if Not Installed is
selected.
Keyboard
Use <PgUp or <PgDn> to select a setting. The settings are
Installed or Not Installed. Use Not Installed in a
keyboardless system such as a file server. The BIOS does not generate error
message for a missing keyboard if Not Installed is selected.
Section 3
ADVANCED CMOS SETUP
The ADVANCED CMOS SETUP options are listed below. The options in your
computer may be different depending on the system configuration and the chipset
used in the system. As with all AMIBIOS Setup screens, you can add or delete
AMIBIOS Setup options via AMIBCP.
่์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์ป
บ BIOS SETUP PROGRAM - ADVANCED CMOS SETUP
บ
บ (C) 1993 American Megatrends Inc. All
rights reserved บ
๋์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์น
บ Typematic Rate Programming :
Disabledบ
External Cache Memory : Enabled บ
บ Typematic Rate Delay (msec): 500
บ Fast Gate A20
Option : Enabled บ
บ Typematic Rate (Chars/Sec) : 15
บ Password
Checking Option : Setup บ
บ Mouse Support Option : Enabled บ Turbo Switch Function :
Enabled บ
บ Above 1 MB Memory Test :
Disabledบ Video
ROM Shadow C000,16K: Disabled บ
บ Memory Test Tick Sound :
Disabledบ Video
ROM Shadow C400,16K: Disabled บ
บ Memory Parity Error Check :
Disabledบ
Adaptor ROM Shadow C800,16K: Disabled บ
บ Hit <DEL> Message Display : Enabled
บ Adaptor ROM
Shadow CC00,16K: Disabled บ
บ Hard Disk Type 47 RAM Area : 0:300
บ Adaptor ROM
Shadow D000,16K: Disabled บ
บ Wait for <F1> If Any Error : Enabled
บ Adaptor ROM
Shadow D400,16K: Disabled บ
บ System Boot Up Num Lock : On บ Adaptor ROM Shadow
D800,16K: Disabled บ
บ Numeric Processor Test : Enabled
บ Adaptor ROM
Shadow DC00,16K: Disabled บ
บ Weitek Processor : Absent บ Adaptor ROM Shadow
E000,16K: Enabled บ
บ Floppy Drive Seek At Boot :
Disabledบ
Adaptor ROM Shadow E400,16K: Disabled บ
บ System Boot Up Sequence : C:,A:
บ Adaptor ROM
Shadow E800,16K: Disabled บ
บ System Boot Up CPU Speed : High
บ Adaptor ROM
Shadow EC00,16K: Disabled บ
บ Fast Gate A20 Option : Enabled บ System ROM Shadow F000,64K
: Enabled บ
บ Internal Cache Memory : Enabled
บ BootSector
Virus Protection: Disabled บ
๋์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์้์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์น
๋์์์์์์์์์์์จESC:Exit ฎ ¯
ฌ :Sel (Ctrl)Pu/Pd:Modify F1:Help F2:Color จ์์์์์์น
๕์์์์์์์์์์์จF5:Old Values F6:BIOS Setup
Defaults F7:Power-On Defaultsจ์์์์์์ผ
All ADVANCED CMOS SETUP options are not shown above. The additional options
are described on page *.
Help Screens
AMIBIOS ADVANCED CMOS SETUP has help screens, accessed by pressing
<F1>, for all options.
Warning Message
A warning message is displayed when ADVANCED CMOS SETUP is selected. Press
any key to proceed.
ADVANCED CMOS SETUP
Options
Typematic Rate
Programming
Typematic Rate Delay
Typematic Rate
Typematic Rate Programming enables the following two options. The settings
are Enabled or Disabled. The BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are
Disabled.
Typematic Rate Delay sets the delay between the time the key corresponding to
the selected character is depressed and the time the character is displayed. The
settings are 250, 500, 750, or 1,000 milliseconds. The BIOS Setup and
Power-On defaults are 500.
Typematic Rate controls the speed at which a keystroke is repeated. The
settings are 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, or 30 characters per second. The
BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are 15.
When two or more keys are pressed and held down simultaneously, only the last
key pressed is repeated. Repeating stops when the last key is released, even if
other keys are pressed.
Mouse Support Option
This option enables PS/2-type mouse support. The settings are Enabled
or Disabled. The BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are Enabled.
Above 1 MB Memory Test
When this option is enabled, AMIBIOS executes POST memory routines on the RAM
above 1 MB (if present on the system). If disabled, AMIBIOS only tests the first
1 MB of RAM and clears all memory above 1 MB. The settings are Enabled or
Disabled. The BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are Disabled.
ADVANCED CMOS SETUP Options,
Continued
Memory Test Tick Sound
This option enables the ticking sound during the memory test. Press
<Esc> or <Del> during the memory test to disable the memory test
tick sound. The settings are Enabled or Disabled. The BIOS Setup
and Power-On defaults are Enabled.
Memory Parity Error Checking
This option enables parity error checking for all system RAM. The settings
are Enabled (all system RAM parity is checked) or Disabled. (only
the parity of the first 1 MB of system RAM is checked). The BIOS Setup default
is Enabled. The Power-On defaults is Disabled.
Hit <DEL> Message Display
Disabling this option prevents
Hit <DEL> if you want to
run Setup
from appearing when the system boots. This option should always be
Enabled. Otherwise, you will not be able to run AMIBIOS Setup. The
settings are Enabled or Disabled. The BIOS Setup and Power-On
defaults are Enabled.
ADVANCED CMOS SETUP Options,
Continued
Hard Disk Type 47 RAM Area
You can specify a user-definable hard
disk type for drive C: and/or drive D: in STANDARD CMOS SETUP (see page *). This option specifies the type 47 data storage
area: 0:300h in lower system RAM or the top 1 KB of applications
memory (starting at 639K or 511K, depending on the amount of base memory)
as shown below. The BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are 0:300.
Type 47 data is stored in shadow RAM if shadowing is enabled.
Hard Disk Type 47 Data Storage
Shadowing on ? YES -> Store in Shadow RAM
NO -> PS/2 Mouse Supported ? YES -> Store in
Top 1K of program execution mem (639K or 512K)
NO -> Store at 0:300h or at 639K (or 512K) as selected
in Advanced CMOS Setup
Wait for <F1> If Any Error
AMIBIOS POST runs system diagnostic tests that can generate a message followed
by:
Press <F1> to continue
If this option is enabled, the BIOS waits for you to press <F1> before
continuing. If this option is disabled, AMIBIOS continues the boot process
and does not wait for <F1> to be pressed. The settings are Enabled
or Disabled. The BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are Enabled.
ADVANCED CMOS SETUP Options,
Continued
System Boot Up Num Lock
If Off, the Num Lock key on the keyboard when the system is powered on is
turned off, so you can use the ฎ , ฌ , , or ¯ keys on both the numeric keypad and the keyboard. The
settings are On or Off. The BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are
On.
Numeric Processor Test
This option enables or disables the AMIBIOS test for a math coprocessor. This
option is only used in systems with a 386, 486SX, or other CPU with no embedded
math coprocessor. 486DX CPUs already have a math coprocessor on the
microprocessor. The settings are Enabled or Disabled. The BIOS
Setup and Power-On defaults are Disabled.
Weitek Processor
This option specifies that a Weitek numeric processor (WTL3167 or WTL4167) is
installed in the system. The settings are Absent or Present. The
BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are Absent.
Floppy Drive Seek At Boot
If this option is enabled, a Seek instruction is performed on floppy drive A:
at system boot time. The settings are Enabled or Disabled. If
Disabled, this option allows a fast boot and decreases the possibility of
damage to the disk's read/write heads. The BIOS Setup default is
Disabled. The Power-On default is Enabled.
ADVANCED CMOS SETUP Options,
Continued
System Boot Up Sequence
This option specifies the boot sequence for drives A: and C: after AMIBIOS
POST completes and attempts to boot DOS. The settings are A:,C: or C:,
A:. The BIOS Setup default is C:, A:. The Power-On default is A:,
C:.
System Boot UP CPU Speed
This option sets the speed at which the system boots. The settings are
High or Low. The BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are
High.
External Cache Memory
The Internal Cache Memory and External Cache Memory options
appear on 80486-based systems. On 80386-based systems, Cache Memory may
be displayed instead of External Cache Memory.
This option appears only on systems that have secondary cache memory external
to the CPU and enables the external cache memory. The settings are
Enabled or Disabled. The BIOS Setup default is Enabled. The
Power-On default is Disabled.
Internal Cache Memory
This option appears only on systems with microprocessors that have internal
cache (such as the Intel 80486). This option enables the CPU internal cache
memory. The settings are Enabled or Disabled. The BIOS Setup
default is Enabled. The Power-On default is Disabled.
ADVANCED CMOS SETUP Options,
Continued
Fast Gate A20 Option
This option enables the system's Fast Gate A20 circuitry. The settings are
Enabled or Disabled. The BIOS Setup default is Enabled. The
Power-On default is Disabled.
Gate A20 controls the ability to access memory addresses above 1 MB by
enabling or disabling access to processor address line A20. To remain
XT-compatible and be able to access conventional memory (from 0 - 1024K),
address line A20 must always be low, so Gate A20 must be disabled. However, some
programs both enter protected mode and shut down through the BIOS. For this
software, Gate A20 must be constantly enabled and disabled via the keyboard
controller, which slows processing.
Fast Gate A20 is another method for handling Gate A20 found in many chipsets.
It speeds programs that constantly change from addressing conventional memory to
addressing memory addresses above 1 MB (from real address mode to protected
address mode and back). For example, enabling this option makes programs such as
network operating systems execute faster.
Turbo Switch Function
This option enables the externally-mounted hardware turbo switch. The
settings are Enabled or Disabled. The BIOS Setup and Power-On
defaults are Enabled.
Password Check
Option
This option enables a password check every time the system boots or AMIBIOS
Setup is executed. The settings are Always or Setup. If
Always is chosen, a user password prompt appears every time the system is
turned on. If Setup (the default) is chosen, the password prompt appears
if Setup is executed. The BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are Setup.
ADVANCED CMOS SETUP Options,
Continued
Video ROM Shadow C000,16K
Video ROM Shadow C400,16K
Video ROM Shadow C000,32K
Video ROM Shadow
ROM shadow is a technique in which BIOS code is copied from slower ROM to
faster RAM. The BIOS is then executed from the RAM.
The four options above all shadow video ROM to RAM. All of these options will
never appear on the same ADVANCED CMOS SETUP screen. These options will occur in
the following pattern:
Either |
Video ROM Shadow C000,16K and
Video ROM Shadow C400,16K |
|
or |
Video ROM Shadow C000,32K |
|
or |
Video ROM Shadow |
All of the above options or combination of options accomplish the same
objective they allow the end user to enable shadowing of the video ROM at
C0000h C7FFFFh to RAM.
ADVANCED CMOS SETUP Options,
Continued
Adaptor ROM Shadow C800,16K
Adaptor ROM Shadow CC00,16K
Adaptor ROM Shadow D000,16K
Adaptor ROM Shadow D400,16K
Adaptor ROM Shadow D800,16K
Adaptor ROM Shadow DC00,16K
Adaptor ROM Shadow E000,16K
Adaptor ROM Shadow E400,16K
Adaptor ROM Shadow E800,16K
Adaptor ROM Shadow EC00,16K
If one of the above options is enabled, the code that resides in the 16 KB
segment of ROM specified in the option is shadowed to RAM. Any type of option
ROM code, including SCSI BIOS, ESDI BIOS, and other utilities that reside in
high memory can be stored in these areas.
The settings for the above options are Disabled or Enabled. The
BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are Disabled.
Some ADVANCED CMOS SETUP screens will show variations on the above shadowing
options, providing 32 KB or 64 KB granularity for specific memory segments or
areas.
System ROM Shadow
If this option is enabled, the system BIOS ROM at F0000h FFFFFh is shadowed
from ROM to RAM for faster execution. The settings are Enabled or
Disabled. The BIOS Setup default is Enabled. The Power-On default
is Disabled.
ADVANCED CMOS SETUP Options,
Continued
Shadow RAM Option
This option combines the function of the System ROM and Video ROM shadowing
options. The settings are Both (shadow Video ROM and System ROM to RAM),
Disabled (do not shadow either video ROM or System ROM to RAM), Video
(shadow only Video ROM to RAM), or System (shadow only System ROM to
RAM). Some ADVANCED CMOS SETUP screen will not have all of the above settings.
The BIOS Setup default is Both. The Power-On default is Disabled. This option is
almost always marked Absent in AMIBCP.
Boot Sector Virus Protection
When this option is enabled, AMIBIOS issues a warning when any program or
virus issues a Disk Format command or attempts to write to the boot sector of
the hard disk drive. The settings are Enabled or Disabled. The
system must have an American Megatrends Keyboard Controller BIOS, Version F or
later, for this option to work.
If enabled, the following is displayed if any program attempts to write to
the boot sector. You may have to type N several times to prevent the boot
sector write.
|
Boot Sector
Write!!!
Possible VIRUS: Continue (Y/N)?
_ |
The following is displayed if any program attempts to format any cylinder,
head, or sector of any hard disk drive via the BIOS INT 13 Hard Disk Drive
Service:
|
Format!!!
Possible VIRUS: Continue (Y/N)?
|
ADVANCED CMOS SETUP Options,
Continued
CPU Internal Clock Mode
This option only appears in AMIBIOS dated 080893 or after. This option
controls the setting of the internal CPU speed. Processors such as the IBM
486SLC2 have the internal clock doubled. If the computer has an IBM 486SLC2 or
TI Potomac, set this option to 2X. If the computer has an IBM Blue
Lightning CPU, set this option to 3X. No Intel processor has this
feature. The settings are 1X, 2X, or 3X. The BIOS Setup and
Power-On defaults are 3X.
IDE Block Mode Transfer
This option only appears in AMIBIOS dated 080893 or after. This option
enables multiple sector reads and writes for IDE drives. The settings are
Enabled or Disabled. The BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are
Disabled.
IDE Standby Mode
This option only appears in AMIBIOS dated 080893 or after. This option
enables IDE Standby Mode. IDE Standby Mode spins down the IDE hard disk drive if
the drive has not been active for a specified length of time. The end user can
set the length of time in AMIBIOS Setup, if additional options have been added
to AMIBIOS Setup via AMIBCP. The settings are Enabled or Disabled.
The BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are Disabled because IDE Standby
Mode is not supported in the same way in all IDE drives.
ADVANCED CMOS SETUP Options,
Continued
Auto Keylock Timeout
This option only appears in AMIBIOS dated 080893 or after. The AutoLeyLock
feature is operational only in computers that have both an American Megatrends
MegaKey keyboard controller and an AMIBIOS with a date of 080893 or after.
AutoKeyLock locks the system after a user-specified timeout period elapses
and requires the end user to reenter the system password before the computer can
be used again. This option sets the AutoKeyLock timeout period. The settings may
vary depending on the amount of CMOS RAM available to store this option. The
generic AMIBIOS settings are 1 Min, 2 Min, 3 Min., 4 Min, 5 Min, 6 Min., 7
Min., 8 Min., 9 Min., 10 Min., 11 Min., 12 Min., 13 Min., 14 Min., or 15
Min. The BIOS Setup and Power-On default is Disabled.
Section 4
ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP
The options that appear in ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP vary
from system to system. There are no standard options. See the appropriate
American Megatrends chipset-specific AMIBIOS manual or American Megatrends
motherboard manual for descriptions of specific ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP options.
Only users with an intimate knowledge of the system architecture should modify
the values in these options.
AMIBIOS Chipset-Specific Manuals
American Megatrends publishes many manuals that describe ADVANCED CHIPSET
SETUP options for specific ASIC ISA and EISA chipsets. Contact your American
Megatrends Sales Representative for additional information.
Warning Screen
A warning screen appear when ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP is selected. Press any
key to continue.
Help Screens
All ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP options have a Help screen accessed by pressing
<F1>.
Sample ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP Screen
This chapter describes the ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP options for the Hi-Flex
AMIBIOS for the OPTi 82C801 Single-chip solution. Refer to the OPTi
documentation for additional information about specific single-chip solution
options.
่์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์ป
บ AMIBIOS SETUP PROGRAM - ADVANCED
CHIPSET SETUP บ
บ (C) 1993 American Megatrends, Inc.
All rights reserved บ
๋์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์๊์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์น
บ Hidden Refresh : Enabled
บ
Non-Cacheable Block-2 Size : Disabledบ
บ Slow Refresh : Disabledบ Non-Cacheable
Block-2 Base : 0 KB บ
บ Single ALE Enable : No บ Video BIOS
Area Cacheable : No บ
บ Keyboard Reset Control :
Disabledบ บ
บ Master Mode Byte Swap :
Disabledบ บ
บ AT Cycle Wait State :
Disabledบ บ
บ AT Cycle Between I/O Cycles: 3
บ
บ
บ AT BUS Clock Selection : CLKI/6
บ
บ
บ Fast AT Cycle : Enabled บ บ
บ DRAM Burst Cycle : 5-4-4-4
บ
บ
บ Memory Write Wait State : 3 W/S
บ
บ
บ DRAM CAS Timing Delay : 1/2 CLK
บ
บ
บ Cache Write Back : Enabled
บ
บ
บ Cache Read Cycle : 3-2-2-2
บ
บ
บ Cache Write Wait State : 1 W/S
บ
บ
บ Non-Cacheable Block-1 Size :
Disabledบ บ
บ Non-Cacheable Block-1 Base : 0 KB
บ
บ
๋์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์้์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์น
๋์์์์์์์์จESC:Exit ฎ ¯
ฌ :Sel (Ctrl)Pu/Pd:Modify F1:Help F2:Color จ์์์์์์์น
๕์์์์์์์์จF5:Old Values F6:BIOS Setup
Defaults F7:Power-On Defaults จ์์์์์์์ผ
Default Settings
Every option in AMIBIOS Setup contains two default values: a Power-On default
and the BIOS Setup default value.
The Power-On Defaults
The Power-On default settings consist of the safest set of parameters. Use
them if the system is behaving erratically. They should always work but do not
provide optimal system performance characteristics.
BIOS Setup Defaults
The BIOS Setup default values provide optimum performance settings for all
devices and system features.
ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP
Options
Configuring ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP Options
You can choose the options in ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP via AMIBCP. See the
American Megatrends AMIBCP User's Guide for additional information.
Hidden Refresh
If enabled, memory will be refreshed without holding the CPU, improving
system performance. This option must be enabled if 4 MB x 36 SIMMs are used in
the system. The settings are Enabled or Disabled. The BIOS Setup
and Power-On default is Enabled.
Slow Refresh
If enabled, memory is refreshed about every 60 ตseconds instead of every
15.625 ตseconds, improving system performance. If enabled, the type of DRAM used
in the system must support slow refresh. The settings are Enabled or
Disabled. The BIOS Setup and Power-On default is Disabled.
Single ALE Enable
If this option is set to No, the SYNC signal activates multiple ALEs
instead of single ALEs during the bus conversion cycle. The settings are
Yes or No. The BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are No.
Keyboard Reset Control
If enabled, a HALT instruction is executed before SYSC generates a CPU reset
from the keyboard reset. The system may hang when it is reset through some
operating systems and applications. The settings are Enabled or
Disabled. The BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are Disabled.
ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP Options, Continued
Master Mode Byte Swap
The settings are Enabled or Disabled. The BIOS Setup and
Power-On defaults are Disabled.
AT Cycle Wait State
This option inserts an extra wait state in the standard AT Bus cycle. The
settings are Enabled or Disabled. The BIOS Setup and Power-On
defaults are Disabled.
AT Cycle Between I/O Cycles
This option sets the number of additional wait states inserted between
consecutive I/O operations. The settings are 0 or 3. The BIOS
Setup and Power-On defaults are 3.
AT BUS Clock Selection
This option sets the source of the AT bus clock. The settings in a 486-based
system are CLKI/3, CLKI/3, CLKI/3, or CLKI/6. The BIOS Setup and
Power-On defaults are CLKI/6.
Fast AT Cycle
The settings are Enabled or Disabled. The BIOS Setup and
Power-On defaults are Enabled.
DRAM Burst Cycle
This option sets the number of wait states inserted before DRAM burst read
operations for each memory bank. The settings are 3-2-2-2, 4-3-3-3 (with
one additional wait state if there is a page miss), 4-3-3-3, or
5-4-4-4. The BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are 5-4-4-4.
ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP Options, Continued
Memory Write Wait State
This option sets the number of wait states inserted before DRAM write
operations. The settings are 0 WS or 1 WS. The BIOS Setup and
Power-On defaults are 1 WS.
DRAM CAS Timing Delay
This option sets the length of a delay between the Row Address Strobe (RAS)
and Column Address Strobe (CAS) signals. The settings are 1 Clk, or
ฝ Clk. The BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are 1
Clk. This option should be set to ฝ Clk in 16 MHz
systems.
Cache Write Back
When this option is enabled, a write-back caching algorithm is used for cache
memory operations. When this option is disabled, a write-through caching
algorithm is used. The settings are Enabled or Disabled. The BIOS
Setup and Power-On defaults are Enabled.
Cache Read Cycle
This option sets the secondary cache memory read burst cycle in 486-based
systems. The settings are 2-1-1-1, 2-2-2-2, 3-1-1-1, or 3-2-2-2.
The BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are 3-2-2-2.
Cache Write Cycle Wait State
This option sets the number of wait states inserted before cache memory write
operations. The settings are 0 W/S or 1 W/S. The BIOS Setup and
Power-On defaults are 1 W/S.
ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP Options, Continued
Non-Cacheable Block-1 Size
Non-Cacheable Block-2 Size
These options define a region of memory (Block-1 and/or Block-2) whose
contents cannot be stored in cache memory. The settings are 64 KB, 128 KB,
256 KB, 1 MB, or Disabled. The BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are
Disabled.
Non-Cacheable Block-1 Base
Non-Cacheable Block-2
Base
These options set the base address (the beginning address) of the Block-1 and
Block-2 regions of non-cacheable memory. The base address must change in
increments equal to the setting of the corresponding Non-Cacheable Block-x
Size. If the Non-Cacheable Block-1 Size or Non-Cacheable Block-2
Size options are set to Disabled, the only choice for the base
address for that block is 0 KB. The BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are
0 KB.
Video BIOS Area Cacheable
If this option is enabled, the contents of the video BIOS RAM area can be
stored in cache memory, which improves performance. But you must be certain that
no program will write to the video BIOS area when this option is Enabled.
This option can be enabled only when Video BIOS shadowing is enabled in ADVANCED
CMOS SETUP. The settings are Yes or No. The BIOS Setup and
Power-On defaults are No.
Section 5
POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP
The Power management AMIBIOS Setup screen includes options that must be
configured appropriately for proper operation of a system that has power
conservation features.
Most POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP options are specific to the individual system,
but there are five options that appear in every AMIBIOS based on the 080893 or
later core AMIBIOS. These are the Device Timeout option shown on the sample
POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP screen below.
Use the ¯ and keys to
scroll through the options. Select settings via the <PgUp> and
<PgDn> keys.
่์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์ป
บ AMIBIOS SETUP PROGRAM - POWER
MANAGEMENT SETUP บ
บ (C) 1993 American Megatrends, Inc.
All rights reserved บ
๋์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์๊์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์น
บ Device-1 Timeout :
Disabledบ บ
บ Device-2 Timeout :
Disabledบ บ
บ Device-3 Timeout :
Disabledบ บ
บ Device-4 Timeout :
Disabledบ บ
บ Device-5 Timeout :
Disabledบ บ
บ Hard Disk Idle Timeout :
Disabledบ บ
บ RELAX Mode Timeout :
Disabledบ บ
บ NAP Mode Timeout :
Disabledบ บ
บ Manual TRANCE Mode :
Disabledบ บ
บ CPU Type : Static บ บ
บ Auto Manager : Disabledบ บ
บ บ บ
บ บ บ
บ บ บ
บ บ บ
บ บ บ
๋์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์้์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์น
๋์์์์์์์์จESC:Exit ฎ ¯
ฌ :Sel (Ctrl)Pu/Pd:Modify F1:Help F2:Color จ์์์์์์์น
๕์์์์์์์์จF5:Old Values F6:BIOS Setup
Defaults F7:Power-On Defaults จ์์์์์์์ผ
The sample options for this screen are described in the following pages. The
Power Management AMIBIOS screen that appears in AMIBIOS Setup in your system may
be entirely different. Unless you have a laptop, notebook, or portable computer
that has power management needs, the AMIBIOS Setup in your computer probably
does not have POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP.
POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP Options
Device-1 Timeout
Device-2 Timeout
Device-3 Timeout
Device-4 Timeout
Device-5 Timeout
These options configure the amount of time the specified device can be idle
before AMIBIOS takes the device to a low power (or no power) consumption mode.
These options are part of AMIBIOS Green PC support.
The character strings Device 1, Device 2, etc, should be
replaced by the OEM in AMIBCP by the names of the devices under Green PC power
management, for example: Hard Disk Drive Timeout, Floppy Drive Timeout, Monitor
Timeout, or Printer Timeout.
The settings for these options will vary, depending on the system
architecture, the amount of extended CMOS RAM available, and the type of device.
Values can be from 0 seconds to 255 minutes. The BIOS Setup and Power-On
defaults are Disabled.
LCD Timeout
When this option is set, the LCD and backlight are turned off at the end of
the selected timeout period if the system does not find any external activities
(such as keyboard activity). Shadowing options cannot be disabled if this
option is active. The settings are Disabled, 1 min., 2 min., 3 min., 4
min., 5 min., 6 min., 7 min., 8 min., 9 min., 10 min., 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20 min, or Reserved. The BIOS Setup and Power-On default
is Disabled.
POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP Options, Continued
Sleep Mode Timeout
When this option is set, the system goes to sleep at the end of the selected
timeout period if no external activities (such as keyboard activity) occur.
Shadowing cannot be disabled if this option is active.
The settings are Disabled, 1 min., 2 min., 3 min., 4 min., 5 min., 6 min.,
7 min., 8 min., 9 min., 10 min., or Reserved. The BIOS Setup and
Power-On default is Disabled.
Suspend Timeout
When this option is set, the system is suspended at the end of the selected
timeout period if no external activities (such as keyboard activity) occurs.
Shadowing cannot be disabled if this option is active.
The settings are Disabled, one minute increments from 1 min.
through 30 min., or Reserved. The BIOS Setup and Power-On default is
Disabled.
Manual Suspend Mode
When this option is set, the system is suspended at the end of the selected
timeout period if no external activities (such as keyboard activity) occurs
during the timeout period. Suspend is initiated via an external switch.
Shadowing cannot be disabled if this option is active. The settings are
Disabled or Enabled. The BIOS Setup and Power-On default is
Disabled.
POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP Options, Continued
Hot Key Power Down
When this option is set, the system is suspended when the <Ctrl>
<Alt> <Enter> keychord is pressed. Shadowing cannot be disabled if
this option is active. The settings are Disabled, Sleep, or Suspend. If Sleep is
selected, the system enters Sleep Mode when the hot key is pressed. If Suspend
is selected, the system enters a Suspend state when the hot key is pressed. The
settings are Disabled or Enabled. The BIOS Setup and Power-On
default is Disabled.
Software Power Down Mode
When this option is set, the system allows applications software to issue INT
77h (which corresponds to hardware interrupt IRQ15) to initiate a forced Sleep
Mode or Suspend state. Shadowing cannot be disabled if this option is
active.
The settings are Disabled, Sleep, or Suspend.The settings are
Disabled or Enabled. If Sleep is selected, an INT 77h issued to
the system places the system in Sleep Mode. If Suspend is selected, an INT 77h
initiates a Suspend state. The BIOS Setup and Power-On default is
Disabled.
Low Battery Power Warning
When this option is set, the system issues warnings of low power conditions.
Shadowing cannot be disabled if this option is active.
The settings are Disabled, Beep (the system beeps 4 times every
minute), Sleep (the system beeps 4 times every minute, then enters Sleep
Mode), or Suspend (the system beeps 4 times every minute and the
initiates a Suspend state). The BIOS Setup and Power-On default is Disabled.
Section 6
Peripheral SETUP
The Peripheral SETUP screen includes options that control an external
peripheral controller.
Sample Peripheral Setup Screen
A sample Peripheral Setup screen is shown below. This screen is the
Peripheral Setup screen for the AMIBIOS for the VLSI 480 chipset with SMC
FDC637C661 I/O Controller support. Use the and
¯ keys to scroll through the options. This screen
configures the options specific to the SMC FDC637C661 Universal Peripheral
Controller.
่์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์ป
บ AMIBIOS SETUP PROGRAM - Peripheral
SETUP บ
บ (C) 1993 American Megatrends, Inc.
All rights reserved บ
๋์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์๊์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์น
บ Programming Option : Auto
บ
บ
บ On-Board Floppy Drive :
Disabledบ บ
บ On-Board IDE Drive :
Disabledบ บ
บ First Serial Port Address :
Disabledบ บ
บ Second Serial Port Address :
Disabledบ บ
บ Parallel Port Address :
Disabledบ บ
บ IRQ Active State : High บ บ
บ Parallel Port Mode : Normal
บ
บ
บ บ บ
บ บ บ
บ บ บ
บ บ บ
บ บ บ
บ บ บ
บ บ บ
บ บ บ
บ บ บ
๋์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์้์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์์น
๋์์์์์์์์จESC:Exit ฎ ¯
ฌ :Sel (Ctrl)Pu/Pd:Modify F1:Help F2:Color จ์์์์์์์น
๕์์์์์์์์จF5:Old Values F6:BIOS Setup
Defaults F7:Power-On Defaults จ์์์์์์์ผ
Peripheral Setup Options
Programming Option
The settings are Auto or Manual. When set to Auto, the
BIOS automatically detects all adapter cards installed in the system and
configures the onboard I/O (serial ports, parallel ports, floppy controllers,
and IDE controller) automatically. All other Peripheral Setup option settings
are ignored. Any serial port, parallel port, floppy controller, or IDE
(Integrated Drive Electronics) controller on an adapter card in an expansion
slot is configured before onboard I/O. If Auto is selected, the BIOS also
attempts to avoid IRQ conflicts.
If the offboard serial ports are configured to specific starting I/O ports
via jumper settings, the BIOS will configure the onboard serial ports to avoid
conflicts. For example, if the default serial port starting I/O ports (serial
port1 - 3F8h, serial port2 - 2F8h, serial port3 - 3E8h, serial port4 - 2E8h) are
used, the following serial port configurations are possible:
If
there are... |
the ports are configured as... |
and the two onboard serial ports are configured
as... |
|
two offboard serial ports |
3E8h and 2F8h |
3E8h and 2E8h |
|
two offboard serial ports |
3F8h and 3E8h |
3F8h and Disabled |
|
one offboard serial port |
2F8h |
3F8h and Disabled |
|
one offboard serial port |
3F8h |
2F8h and Disabled |
If Manual is selected, the settings chosen by the end user in
Peripheral Setup apply.
AMIBIOS reports any I/O conflicts after displaying the BIOS Configuration
Summary Screen, but only if Manual is chosen. The BIOS Setup and Power-On
default is Auto. The Power-On default must not be changed when running
AMIBCP.
Peripheral Setup Options,
Continued
On-Board Floppy Drive
This option enables the use of the floppy drive controller on the motherboard
(if installed). The settings are Enabled or Disabled. The BIOS
Setup and Power-On defaults are Disabled. The Power-On default must
not be changed when running AMIBCP.
On-Board IDE Drive
This option enables the use of the IDE controller on the motherboard (if
installed). The settings are Enabled or Disabled. The BIOS Setup
and Power-On defaults are Disabled. The Power-On default must not be
changed when running AMIBCP.
First Serial Port Address
This option enables serial port 1 on the motherboard (if installed). The BIOS
Setup and Power-On defaults are Disabled. The settings are
Disabled or any valid I/O port address consisting of three hex digits.
The settings are taken from the I/O ports for serial port1 entered in the AMIBCP
Configure Miscellaneous Options Screen. The Power-On default must not
be changed when running AMIBCP.
Second Serial Port Address
This option enables serial port 2 on the motherboard, if installed. The BIOS
Setup and Power-On defaults are Disabled. The settings are
Disabled or any valid I/O port address consisting of three hex digits.
The settings are taken from the I/O ports for serial port2 entered in the AMIBCP
Configure Miscellaneous Options Screen. The Power-On default must not
be changed when running AMIBCP.
Peripheral Setup Options,
Continued
Parallel Port Address
This option enables the parallel port on the motherboard, if installed. The
settings are Disabled or any valid I/O port address consisting of three
hex digits. The BIOS Setup and Power-On defaults are Disabled. The
Power-On default must not be changed when running AMIBCP.
IRQ Active State
The settings are High or Low. The BIOS Setup and Power-On
default is High.
Parallel Port Mode
The settings are Extended or Normal. The extended parallel port
mode is bidirectional. The BIOS Setup and Power-On default is Normal.
Section 7
AMIBIOS Password Support
AMIBIOS Setup has an optional password feature. The system can be configured
so the end user is required to enter a password every time the system boots or
when AMIBIOS Setup is executed.
Bypassing Password Support
The end user can bypass password support by pressing <Enter> when the
password prompt appears.
Enabling Password Support
The password check option is enabled in ADVANCED CMOS SETUP (see page
*) by choosing either Always or
Setup.
Selecting a Password
Select and enter a password from the AMIBIOS Setup main menu. Select the
Change Password option and enter a new (or different) password. The
password (1 6 characters) is stored in CMOS RAM.
If a Password is Used
The end user must correctly type the current password when
enter CURRENT Password
appears. After the current password has been correctly entered, the end user
is asked to retype it.
If the password confirmation is incorrect, an error message appears. If the
new password confirmation is entered without error, the end user presses
<Esc> to return to the AMIBIOS Setup Main Menu.
Password Support,
Continued
Password Storage
The password is stored in CMOS RAM after Setup completes. The next time the
system boots, the end user must enter the password if the password function is
present and has been enabled.
Using a Password
The end user should keep a record of the new password when the password is
changed. If he forgets the password and password protection is enabled, the only
way to boot the system is to disable CMOS RAM by removing the battery for at
least 20 minutes, replacing it, rebooting, and reconfiguring the system.
Section 8
Hard Disk Utility
AMIBIOS includes three hard disk utilities:
Utility |
Purpose |
Turn to |
|
Hard Disk Format |
Performs a low level format of the hard drive(s). Read the system or
hard disk drive documentation to find out if the hard disk has been
preformatted. |
Page * |
|
Auto Interleave |
Determines the optimum interleave factor and then performs a low level
format of the hard disk drive. |
Page * |
|
Media Analysis |
Analyzes each hard disk drive track to determine whether it is usable.
The track is labeled bad if unusable. |
Page 55 |
The hard disk utility error messages are described on page *.
These routines work on drives that use the MFM, RLL, ARLL, or ESDI data
recording techniques. They do not work on IDE or SCSI Disk Drives.
Warning
AMIBIOS Hard Disk Utilities destroy all hard disk data.
Back up the data on the hard disk before
running. |
When to Use AMIBIOS Hard Disk
Utilities
When |
Conditions |
Run... |
|
Installing a new hard disk. |
The hard disk drive manufacturer provided a list of bad tracks, the
system documentation includes the optimum interleave factor, and the drive
is preformatted. |
None |
|
Installing a new hard disk. |
You do not have a list of bad tracks. |
Media Analysis |
|
Installing a new hard disk. |
You do not know the optimum interleave factor. |
Auto Interleave |
|
Installing a new hard disk. |
The drive is not formatted. |
Hard Disk Format |
|
Installing a used hard disk drive. |
N/A |
All Hard Disk Utilities |
When Hard Disk Diagnostics is selected, the following screen appears.
Select an option and press <Enter>.
Hard Disk Format
Warning
Hard Disk Format destroys all hard disk data. Back up the
data on the hard disk before
running. |
This routine does not work on IDE or SCSI drives. Use Hard Disk Format to
integrate a new hard disk to the system, or to reformat a used hard disk which
has developed bad tracks as a result of aging or poor handling. Select Media
Analysis to find bad tracks. The following screen appears when Hard Disk Format
is selected.
Hard Disk Format,
Continued
Answer the questions on the screen. The first two questions are already
completed if only one hard disk drive was selected in STANDARD CMOS SETUP and
the cursor is on Interleave. The Disk Drive Type is read from CMOS RAM.
The interleave factor can be selected manually or determined by the Auto
Interleave routine.
The hard disk drive manufacturer usually provides a list of bad tracks. Enter
these tracks. They are then labeled as bad to prevent data from being stored on
them. The following screen is displayed after entering Y in Mark Bad
Tracks, pressing <Enter>, and selecting add, delete, revise, or clear from
the Bad Track Edit Menu.
Type Y and press <Enter>. A warning screen appears. Press any
key to continue.
Warning
Data on the hard drive will be irrevocably
lost. |
Auto Interleave
Warning
Auto Interleave destroys hard disk data. Back up the data
on the hard disk before running. |
Auto Interleave calculates the optimum
interleave factor through trial and error by measuring the transfer rate for
four different interleave values. To determine the best interleave factor, the
system formats a portion of the hard disk for each transfer rate calculated. The
cylinders, heads and sectors formatted for each value is displayed in the
activity box. It does not work on IDE or SCSI drives.
Select Auto Interleave on the main Hard Disk Utility Screen and press
<Enter>. The following appears.
The cursor is on Mark Bad Tracks. The default is N. To mark
additional bad tracks, type Y and press <Enter>.
After selecting options from the Bad Tracks Edit Menu, press <Esc>.
Type Y and press <Enter> to proceed with the Auto Interleave
process. A warning screen appears. Press <Enter> to return to the main
Hard Disk Utility screen. To proceed, type Y and press <Enter>.
Media Analysis
Media Analysis performs a series of tests to locate bad or damaged tracks on
the hard disk as a result of aging or poor handling. This utility locates all
bad tracks and lists them in the Bad Track List Box. Since this test writes to
all cylinders and heads on the hard disk to verify any bad tracks, the test
requires several minutes to complete. For best results, run this test in its
entirety. Media Analysis does not work on IDE or SCSI drives.
Select Media Analysis from the main Hard Disk Utility Menu and press
<Enter>. The following screen appears.
The cursor is on Proceed. The warning screen appears. Press
<Enter> to stop. The main Hard Disk Utility screen appears. Type Y and
press <Enter> to perform the hard disk drive analysis.
Hard Disk Utility Error
Messages
Initialization Errors
Message |
Explanation |
|
No Hard Disk Installed |
There is no hard disk drive in the system but Hard Disk Utility was
selected. |
|
FATAL ERROR Bad Hard Disk |
No response from the hard disk, or the hard disk is not repairable.
Check all cable and power connections to the hard disk. |
|
Hard Disk Controller Failure |
Error response from the reset command sent to the hard disk controller.
The controller may not be seated properly in the BUS
slot. |
|
C: (D:) Hard Disk Failure |
The hard disk drive (C: or D:) is not responding to commands. Check
power and cable connections to the hard
disk. |
Hard Disk Utility Error Messages, Continued
Operation Errors
Message |
Explanation |
|
Address Mark Not Found |
The address mark (initial address) on the hard disk could not be
found. |
|
Attachment Failed to Respond |
No response has been received from the hard disk
drive. |
|
Bad ECC on Disk Read |
When the hard disk drive utility writes to the disk, it also calculates
an ECC (Error Correction Code) value for the data being written. This ECC
value is written to the drive and then read back. The value read back is
different from the one calculated. |
|
Bad Sector Flag Detected |
An operation was performed on a sector that has been flagged as
bad. |
|
Controller Has Failed |
A diagnostic command was issued to the controller
failed. |
|
Drive Not Ready |
An operation on the hard disk drive has timed out. The hard disk drive
utility has waited beyond a preset specified time limit. |
|
Drive Parameter Activity Failed |
A reset command was sent to the controller followed by drive
parameters. Using these parameters, the controller did not get a response
from the hard disk. Make sure the drive type is correct. |
|
ECC Corrected Data Error |
The ECC value (explained above) read from the disk is not the same
value which was written to the disk. The data is not correct. An attempt
was made to correct the data, but the ECC value is not corrected.
|
|
Requested Sector Not Found |
The requested sector could not be found. |
|
Reset Failed |
The reset command did not properly reset the hard
disk. |
|
Seek Operation Failed |
A seek command failed. A seek operation is the act of finding a
particular sector on the hard disk. |
|
Undefined Error - Command Aborted |
An unidentifiable error condition occurred. |
|
Write Fault on Selected Drive |
A write fault occurred during the write operation on the hard disk
drive. |
Appendix A
BIOS Identification Strings
AMIBIOS stores three strings of information that identify system BIOS
options. Identification String 1 appears at the bottom of the screen during
system boot. Press <Ins> during system boot to display Identification
Strings 2 and 3.
Identification String Line 1
The AMIBIOS ID String 1 format is:
xx-xxxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxxx-x
12 47 915 1623 2530 3239 41
Byte |
Description |
|
1 |
Processor Type
0 8086 or 8088
2 80286
3 80386
4 80486 |
|
2 |
Size of BIOS
0 64 KB
1 128 KB |
|
45 |
Major Version Number |
|
67 |
Minor Version Number |
|
914 |
Reference Number |
|
16 |
Halt on Post Error. Set to 1 if On. |
|
17 |
Initialize CMOS in every boot. Set to 1 if On. |
|
18 |
Block pins 22 and 23 of the keyboard controller. Set to 1 if
On. |
|
19 |
Mouse support in system AMIBIOS or keyboard controller. Set to 1 if
On. |
|
20 |
Wait for <F1> if error found. Set to 1 if On. |
|
21 |
Display Floppy error during POST. Set to 1 if On. |
|
22 |
Display Video error during POST. Set to 1 if On. |
|
23 |
Display Keyboard error during POST. Set to 1 if On. |
|
2526 |
BIOS Date. Month (1-12). |
|
2728 |
BIOS Date. Date (1-31). |
|
2930 |
BIOS Date. Year (0-99). |
|
3239 |
Chipset Identification. BIOS Name. |
|
41 |
Keyboard controller version
number. |
Identification Strings,
Continued
Identification String Line 2
xxx xxxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxxx-x
12 47 915 1623 2530 3239 41
Byte |
Description |
|
12 |
Pin number for clock switching through keyboard
controller. |
|
3 |
Indicates High signal on pin switches clock to High(H) or Low
(L). |
|
5 |
Clock switching through chipset registers
0 No clock switching through chipset registers.
1 Clock switching through chipset
registers. |
|
710 |
Port address to switch clock high through special
port. |
|
1213 |
Data value to switch clock high through special port. |
|
1516 |
Mask value to switch clock high through special port. |
|
1821 |
Port Address to switch clock low through special port. |
|
2324 |
Data value to switch clock low through special port. |
|
2627 |
Mask value to switch clock low through special port. |
|
2931 |
Turbo Switch Input Pin information (Pin number for Turbo Switch Input
Pin). |
Identification String Line 3:
xxx-x-xxxx-xx-xx-xxxx-xx-xx-xx -x -x
13 5 7 11 14 17 22 25 28 31 33
Byte |
Description |
|
12 |
Keyboard Controller Pin number for cache control. |
|
3 |
Keyboard Controller Pin number for cache control. Indicates whether
High signal on the pin enables (H) or disable (L) cache. |
|
5 |
1 The High signal is used on the Keyboard Controller
pin. |
|
79 |
Cache Control through Chipset Registers:
0 Cache control off
1 Cache Control on |
|
1112 |
Port Address to enable cache through special port. |
|
1415 |
Data value to enable cache through special port. |
|
1720 |
Mask value to enable cache through special port. |
|
2223 |
Port Address to disable cache through special port. |
|
2526 |
Data value to disable cache through special port. |
|
2829 |
Mask value to disable cache through special port. |
|
31 |
Reset memory controller Pin number for Resetting the 82335 Memory
controller. |
|
33 |
BIOS Modified Flag
Incremented each time AMIBIOS is modified, from 1 to 9, then from A to
Z, and then reset to 1.
0 AMIBIOS has not yet been
modified. |
Appendix B
CMOS RAM Map
A map of CMOS RAM as configured by the 08/08/93 core AMIBIOS is shown in the
following table.
Offset |
Description |
|
00h - 0Fh |
Standard AT-compatible RTC and Status Register data
definitions. |
|
10h |
Floppy Drive Type
Bits 7-4 Drive A: Type
0 No Drive
1 360 KB Drive
2 1.2 MB Drive
3 720 KB Drive
4 1.44 MB Drive
5 2.88 MB Drive
Bits 3-0 Drive B: Type (bit settings same as
A) |
|
11h |
Bit 7 Mouse Support Option (1 = Enabled)
Bit 6 Above 1 MB Memory Test (1 = Enabled)
Bit 5 Memory Test Tick Sound (1 = Enabled)
Bit 4 Memory Parity Error Check (1 = Enabled)
Bit 3 Hit <DEL> Message Display (1 = Enabled)
Bit 2 Hard Disk Type 47 RAM Area (1 = 0:300)
Bit 1 Wait for <F1> If Any Error (1 = Enabled)
Bit 0 System Boot Up Num Lock (1 =
On) |
|
12h |
Hard Disk Data
Bits 7-4 Hard Disk Drive C: Type
0 No drive
1-14 Hard drive Type 1-14
16 Hard Disk Type 16-255 (actual Hard Drive Type is in CMOS RAM
1Ah)
Bits 3-0 Hard Disk Drive D: Type (Same as
C:) |
|
11h |
Bit 7 Typematic Rate Programming (1 =
Enabled)
Bits 6-5 Typematic Rate Delay (in milliseconds)
00 250 ms 01 500 ms
10 750 ms 11 100 ms
Bits 4-2 Typematic Rate (in characters per second)
000 6 cps 001 8 cps
010 10 cps 011 12 cps
100 15 cps 101 20 cps
110 24 cps 111 30
cps |
|
14h |
Equipment Byte
Bits 7-6 Number of Floppy Drives
00b 1 Drive
01b 2 Drives
Bits 5-4 Monitor Type
00b Not CGA or MDA
01b 40x25 CGA
10b 80x25 CGA
11b MDA (Monochrome)
Bit 3 Display Enabled (1 = Enabled)
Bit 2 Keyboard Enabled (1 = Enabled)
Bit 1 Math coprocessor installed (1 = Enabled)
Bit 0 Floppy Drive installed (0 =
Enabled) |
|
15h |
Base Memory (in 1 KB increments), Low Byte |
|
16h |
Base Memory (in 1 KB increments), High Byte |
|
17h |
Extended Memory (in 1 KB increments), Low Byte |
|
18h |
Extended Memory (in 1 KB increments), High Byte (Max 15
MB) |
|
19h |
Hard Disk C: Drive Type
0-15 Reserved
16-255 Hard Drive Type 16-255 |
|
1Ah |
Hard Disk D: Drive Type (Same as Drive C: above) |
|
1Bh |
User-Defined Drive C: - # of Cylinders, Low Byte |
|
1Ch |
User-Defined Drive C: - # of Cylinders, High Byte |
|
1Dh |
User-Defined Drive C: - Number of Heads |
|
1Eh |
User-Defined Drive C: - Write Precompensation Cylinder, Low
Byte |
|
1Fh |
User-Defined Drive C: - Write Precompensation Cylinder, High
Byte |
|
20h |
User-Defined Drive C: - Control Byte (80h if # of heads is equal or
greater than 8) |
|
21h |
User-Defined Drive C: - Landing Zone, Low Byte |
|
22h |
User-Defined Drive C: - Landing Zone, High Byte |
|
23h |
User-Defined Drive C: - # of Sectors |
|
24h |
User-Defined Drive D: - # of Cylinders, Low Byte |
|
25h |
User-Defined Drive D: - # of Cylinders, High Byte |
|
26h |
User-Defined Drive D: - Number of Heads |
|
27h |
User-Defined Drive D: - Write Precompensation Cylinder, Low
Byte |
|
28h |
User-Defined Drive D: - Write Precompensation Cylinder, High
Byte |
|
29h |
User-Defined Drive D: - Control Byte (80h if # of heads is equal or
greater than 8) |
|
2Ah |
User-Defined Drive D: - Landing Zone, Low Byte |
|
2Bh |
User-Defined Drive D: - Landing Zone, High Byte |
|
2Ch |
User-Defined Drive D: - # of Sectors |
|
2Dh |
Bit 7 Weitek Processor (1 = Absent)
Bit 6 Floppy Drive Seek At Boot (1 = Enabled)
Bit 5 System Boot Up Sequence (1 = A:,C:)
Bit 4 System Boot Up CPU Speed (1 = High)
Bit 3 External Cache Memory (1 = Enabled)
Bit 2 Internal Cache Memory (1 = Enabled)
Bit 1 Fast Gate A20 Option (1 = Enabled)
Bit 0 Turbo Switch Function (1 =
Enabled) |
|
2Eh |
Standard CMOS Checksum, High Byte |
|
2Fh |
Standard CMOS Checksum, Low Byte |
|
30h |
Extended Memory, Low Byte |
|
31h |
Extended Memory, High Byte (Maximum 15 MB) |
|
32h |
Century Byte (BCD value for the century) |
|
33h |
Bit 7 IBM-defined top 128 KB of base memory
Bits 3-1 CPU Type
Bit 0 Cache Memory Status
0 Bad
1 Good |
|
34h |
Bit 7 Boot Sector Virus Protection (1 =
Enabled)
Bit 6 Password Checking Option
0 Always
1 Setup
Bit 5 Adaptor ROM Shadow C800,16K (1 = Enabled)
Bit 4 Adaptor ROM Shadow CC00,16K (1 = Enabled)
Bit 3 Adaptor ROM Shadow D000,16K (1 = Enabled)
Bit 2 Adaptor ROM Shadow D400,16K (1 = Enabled)
Bit 1 Adaptor ROM Shadow D800,16K (1 = Enabled)
Bit 0 Adaptor ROM Shadow DC00,16K (1 =
Enabled) |
|
35h |
Bit 7 Adaptor ROM Shadow E000,16K (1 = Enabled)
Bit 6 Adaptor ROM Shadow E400,16K (1 = Enabled)
Bit 5 Adaptor ROM Shadow E800,16K (1 = Enabled)
Bit 4 Adaptor ROM Shadow EC00,16K (1 = Enabled)
Bits 3-1 Shadow RAM Option (11 = Enabled)
Bit 3 System ROM Shadow F000,64K (1 = Enabled)
Bits 2-1 Video ROM Shadow C000,32K (11 = Enabled)
Bit 2 Video ROM Shadow C000,16K (1 = Enabled)
Bit 1 Video ROM Shadow C400,16K (1 = Enabled)
Bit 0 Numeric Processor Test (1 =
Enabled) |
|
36h |
Bit 7 IDE Block Mode Transfer
0 Disabled
1 Enabled
Bits 6-5 CPU Internal Clock Mode
00 1X 01 2X
10 3X
Bit 4 IDE Standby Mode
0 Disabled
1 Enabled
Bits 3-0 Auto KeyLock Timeout (settings may vary)
0000 Disabled 0001 1 Min.
0010 2 Min. 0011 3 Min.
0100 4 Min. 0101 5 Min.
0110 6 Min. 0111 7 Min.
1000 8 Min. 1001 9 Min.
1010 10 Min. 1011 11 Min.
1100 12 Min. 1101 13 Min
1110 14 Min. 1111 15
Min. |
|
37h |
Reserved |
|
38h - 3Dh |
Encrypted Password |
|
3Eh |
Extended CMOS Checksum, High Byte (includes 34h - 3Dh) |
|
3Fh |
Extended CMOS Checksum, Low Byte (includes 34h -
3Dh) |
Extended CMOS RAM
Any AMIBIOS built on the 080893 core AMIBIOS or later must have extended CMOS
RAM to support Green PC features. Extended CMOS RAM for a specific AMIBIOS will
have other settings besides the following.
| Register |
Description |
| 40h |
Bits 7-0 Device-1 Timeout |
| 41h |
Bits 7-0 Device-2 Timeout |
| 42h |
Bits 7-0 Device-3 Timeout |
| 43h |
Bits 7-0 Device-4 Timeout |
| 44h |
Bits 7-0 Device-5 Timeout |
Index
2.88 MB 3ฝ" Floppy Drive Support 10
80386DX 9
80386SX 9
8042 - Gate A20 Failure 16
8042 Gate-A20 Error 18
80486 40
80486SX 9
Above 1 MB Memory Test 36
Adaptor ROM Shadow C800,16K, 43
Adaptor ROM Shadow CC00,16K, 43
Adaptor ROM Shadow D000,16K, 43
Adaptor ROM Shadow D400,16K, 43
Adaptor ROM Shadow D800,16K, 43
Adaptor ROM Shadow DC00,16K, 43
Adaptor ROM Shadow E000,16K, 43
Adaptor ROM Shadow E400,16K 43
Adaptor ROM Shadow E800,16K 43
Adaptor ROM Shadow EC00,16K 43
Address Line Short! 18
Advanced Chipset Setup 47
Advanced CMOS Setup 35
Help Screens 35
Advanced Power Management 8
AMIBCP 49
APM 8
AT Bus Clock Selection 50
AT Cycle Between I/O Cycles 50
Auto Interleave Utility 63, 67
Auto Keylock Timeout 45, 76
Autodetect Hard Disk 29
AutoKeyLock 6
Base 64 KB Memory Failure 16
Base Memory 74
Beep Codes 16
BIOS
Advanced Chipset Setup 47
Beep Codes 16
Errors 15
Fatal error messages 16
Hard Disk Utilities 63
Non-Fatal Error Messages 18
Password support 61
BIOS Setup 23
BIOS Technical Reference vii
Boot Order 75
Boot Sector Virus Protection 11, 44, 75
Boot Speed 75
C: Drive Error 18
C: Drive Failure 18
C&T 82C711, 710, 712, 721 Universal Peripheral Controller 11, 57
C0000h Shadow Video ROM 75
Cache memory
Automatically detects size 9
Cache Memory Bad, Do Not Enable Cache! 18
Cache Read Cycles 51
Cache Write Back 51
Card Services 9
CAS Width in Read Cycle 75
Century Byte 75
CH-2 Timer Error 18
Checkpoint Codes 3
CMOS Battery State Low 18
CMOS Checksum Failure 18
CMOS Display Type Mismatch 18
CMOS Map 73
CMOS Memory Size Mismatch 18
CMOS Shutdown Register Read/Write Error 16
CMOS System Options Not Set 18
CMOS Time & Date Not Set 18
CPU Internal Clock Mode 45, 76
D: Drive Error 18
D: drive failure 18
D0000h Shadow Adaptor ROM 75
Default Settings 48
Default values loaded. Press any key to continue 28
Device-1 Timeout 54
Device-2 Timeout 54
Device-3 Timeout 54
Device-4 Timeout 54
Device-5 Timeout 54
Diskette Boot Failure 19
Display Enabled 74
Display Memory Read/Write Error 16
Display Switch Not Proper 19
DMA #1 Error 19
DMA #2 Error 19
DMA Error 19
DRAM Burst Cycle 50
DRAM CAS Timing Delay 51
ECP 5
Enable Typematic 73
EPP 5
Errors BIOS 15
Extended CMOS Checksum 76
Extended Memory 74, 75
Extended Parallel Port 5
External Cache Memory 40
Extra AT Cycle Wait State 50
Fast AT Cycle 50
Fast Gate A20 41, 75
Fast Gate A20 Options 41
FDD Controller Failure 19
File servers 10
First Serial Port Address 59
Flash EPROM 5
Floppy Drive 34
Floppy Drive installed 74
Floppy Drive Seek 75
Floppy Drive Seek At Boot 39
Floppy Drive Type 73
Floppy Drives, Number of 74
Gate A20 41
Hard Disk C: Drive Type 74
Hard Disk D: Drive Type 74
Hard Disk Drive C: Type 73
Hard Disk Format 63
Hard Disk Idle Timeout 54
Hard Disk Type 47 Data Area 38
Hard Disk utilities 63
Error messages 69
When to use 64
HDD Controller Failure 19
Hidden Refresh 49
Hit <DEL> if you want to run SETUP 20, 37
Hit <DEL> Message Display 37
Hot Key Power Down 56
I/O Controller Support 11
I/O Port 80h 15
IDE Block Mode Transfer 76
IDE Block Mode Transfers 45
IDE Block Transfer Mode 5
IDE Drives 8
IDE Standby Mode 5, 45, 76
Identification Strings 71
Information Flag 75
INT 77h 56
Intel 82341 11
Interleave factor 67
Internal Cache Memory 40
INTR #1 Error 19
INTR #2 Error 19
Invalid Boot Diskette 19
IRQ Active State 60
IRQ15 56
KB/Interface Error 19
Keyboard Enabled 74
Keyboard Error 19
Keyboard Is Locked...Unlock It 19
Keyboard Reset Control 49
Keyboard Typematic Data 73
Laptop 53
LCD Power Down Timeout 54
Low Battery Power Warning 56
Low power condition 56
Manual Suspend Timeout 55
Manufacturing Test Port 15
Mark Bad Tracks 67
Master Mode Byte Swap 50
Math coprocessor Installed 74
Media Analysis 63, 68
Memory Parity Error Check 73
Memory size
Automatically detects 9
Memory Test Tick Sound 37, 73
Memory Write Wait State 51
Monitor 34
Type 74
Mouse 73
National Semiconductor PC87310 11
National Semiconductor PC87311 11
Network File Servers 10
No ROM BASIC 19
Non-Cacheable Block-1 Base 52
Non-Cacheable Block-1 Size 52
Non-Cacheable Block-2 Base 52
Non-Cacheable Block-2 Size 52
Notebook 53
Num Lock 39
Numeric Processor 39
Numeric/Weitek Processor(s) 39
Off Board Parity Error 19
On Board Parity Error 19
On-Board Floppy Drive 59
On-Board IDE Drive 59
Parallel Port Address 60
Parallel Port Mode 60
Parity Error 16
Parity Error ???? 19
Password 61
Bypassing 61
CMOS RAM setting 76
Enabling 61
Storing 62
Using 62
Password Check Option 41
Password Deletion 7
Password Support 61
Changing the password 61
Peripheral Setup 57
Portable computer 53
POST 15
Power Management Setup 53
Power Management Setup Options 54
Power-on default 48
Press <Esc> to Disable Memory Test 73
Processor error 16
Processor Exception Interrupt Error 16
Programming Option 58
Refresh Failure 16
Remap Memory 75
ROM Checksum Error 16
ROM shadow 42
SCSI 65
Second Serial Port Address 59
Setup 23
Above 1 MB Memory Test 36
Advanced CMOS Setup 35
Auto Configuration 28
Fast Gate A20 41
Floppy Drive Seek At Boot 39
Floppy Drives 34
Hard Disk Type 47 Data Area 38
Internal Cache Memory 40
Key Usage 26
Keyboard 34
Memory Test Tick Sound 37
Monitor 34
Numeric/Weitek Processor(s) 39
Password Check Option 41
Peripheral 57
Power Management 53
Running 25
Standard CMOS Setup 31
System Boot UP CPU Speed 40
System Boot Up Num Lock 39
System Boot Up Sequence 40
Typematic Rate 36
Typematic Rate Delay and Typematic Rate 36
Wait for F1 If Any Error 38
warning screen 35
Setup Defaults 48
Shadow RAM Cacheable 75
Shadow RAM Option 44
Shadowing CMOS RAM settings 75
Single ALE Enable 49
Sleep Mode Timeout 55
Slow Memory Refresh Divider 76
Slow Refresh 49
Socket Services 9
Software Power Down Mode 56
Standard CMOS Checksum 75
Standard CMOS Setup 31
Suspend Timeout 55
System Boot UP CPU Speed 40
System Boot Up Num Lock 39
System Boot Up Sequence 40
System ROM Shadow 43
Tables
Hard Disk Drive Parameters 32
Hard Disk Drive Types 33
Test Memory above 1 MB 73
Timer Not Operational 16
Turbo Switch 75
Turbo Switch Function 41
Turn Num Lock Off at boot 73
Typematic Delay 73
Typematic Rate 36, 73
Typematic Rate Delay 36
Typematic Rate Programming 36
User-Defined Drive C: 74
User-Defined Drive D: 74
User-Defined Hard Disk 73
Video BIOS Area Cacheable 52
Video ROM Shadow 42
Video ROM Shadow C000,16K 42
Video ROM Shadow C000,32K 42
Video ROM Shadow C400,16K 42
VLSI 82C106 11
VLSI 82C107 11
Wait for <F1> If any Error 20
Wait for <F1> Message if Error 73
Wait for F1 If Any Error 38
Weitek 75
Workstations 10
WTL3167 39
WTL4167 39
|
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